{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T04:16:27Z","timestamp":1779941787056,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"United States Agency for International Development (US)","award":["GHS-A-00-09-00004-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHS-A-00-09-00004-00"]}]},{"name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (US)","award":["OPP1096225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1096225"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T14:15:31Z","timestamp":1496240131000},"page":"e0178129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Direct estimates of cause-specific mortality fractions and rates of under-five deaths in the northern and southern regions of Nigeria by verbal autopsy interview"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Adeyinka","family":"Adewemimo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4165-2393","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Henry D.","family":"Kalter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Perin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain K.","family":"Koffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Quinley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000\u201315: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals","author":"L Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9966","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61698-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000\u201313, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis","volume":"385","author":"L Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Levels &amp; Trends in Child Mortality\u2013Report 2015: Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. Report, 2015. UNICEF, New York. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.childmortality.org\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.childmortality.org<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"9465","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71877-8","article-title":"WHO Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group. WHO estimates of the causes of death in children","volume":"365","author":"J Bryce","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"National Population Commission [Nigeria], ORC Macro. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Report, 2013. MEASURE DHS ICF International Calverton, Maryland, USA."},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"UNICEF Nigeria. Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Nigeria: 2011 Update. 2012. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/nigeria\/SITAN_UNICEF_Nigeria_2011_FINAL_2012_Sept.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/nigeria\/SITAN_UNICEF_Nigeria_2011_FINAL_2012_Sept.pdf<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","first-page":"132","article-title":"Is poor maternal mortality index in Nigeria a problem of care utilization? A case study of Anambra state","volume":"12","author":"CC Ibeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afr J Reprod Health"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Trends and disparities in infant and child mortality in Nigeria using pooled 2003 and 2008 Demographic and Health Survey data","author":"OD Anyamele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sage Open"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0349-0","article-title":"Trends in neonatal mortality in Nigeria and effects of bio-demographic and maternal characteristics","volume":"15","author":"JO Akinyemi","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006779","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006779","article-title":"Risk factors for postneonatal, infant, child and under-5 mortality in Nigeria: a pooled cross-sectional analysis","volume":"5","author":"OK Ezeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.4103\/0300-1652.129644","article-title":"An audit of paediatric mortality patterns in a Nigerian teaching hospital","volume":"55","author":"GD Forae","year":"2014","journal-title":"Niger Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","article-title":"Curbing maternal and child mortality: The Nigerian experience","volume":"4","author":"LO Ogunjimi","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"6","article-title":"Regional inequalities in under-5 mortality","volume":"9","author":"A Diddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Nigeria: The Next Generation- literature review","author":"A Agunwamba","year":"2009"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref15","first-page":"206","article-title":"Differentials in infant and child mortality rates in Nigeria: Evidence from the six geopolitical zones","volume":"2","author":"GO Aigbe","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Humanities and Social Science"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31012-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"KH Abate","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"010415","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.05.010415","article-title":"Direct estimates of national neonatal and child cause\u2013specific mortality proportions in Niger by expert algorithm and physician\u2013coded analysis of verbal autopsy interviews","volume":"5","author":"HD Kalter","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01603.x","article-title":"Validity of verbal autopsy procedures for determining cause of death in Tanzania","volume":"11","author":"PW Setel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International Health"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Investigating Cause of Death During an Outbreak of Ebola Virus Hemorrhagic Fever: Draft Verbal Autopsy Instrument","author":"M Anker","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-9-27","article-title":"Population Health Metrics Research Consortium gold standard verbal autopsy validation study: design, implementation, and development of analysis datasets","volume":"9","author":"CJL Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-9-45","article-title":"Social autopsy for maternal and child deaths: a comprehensive literature review to examine the concept and the development of the method","volume":"9","author":"HD Kalter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"CSProX Description. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/serpro.com\/csp.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/serpro.com\/csp.html<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 20 April 2017."},{"key":"ref23","volume":"2","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/19.2.380","article-title":"Validation of post-mortem interviews to ascertain selected causes of death in children","volume":"19","author":"HD Kalter","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/42.6.365","article-title":"Validation study of a verbal autopsy method for causes of childhood mortality in Namibia","volume":"42","author":"CC Mobley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"ref26","author":"DR Marsh","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.1999.00151.x","article-title":"Validation of caregiver interviews to diagnose common causes of severe neonatal illness","volume":"13","author":"HD Kalter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemio"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"A Standard Verbal AutopsyMethod for Investigating Causes of Death in Infants and Children","author":"M Anker","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmr001","article-title":"Which clinical signs predict severe illness in children less than 2 months of age in resource poor countries?","volume":"57","author":"JE Coghill","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60106-3","article-title":"Clinical signs that predict severe illness in children under age 2 months: a multicentre study","volume":"371","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-301","article-title":"Clinical indicators of bacterial meningitis among neonates and young infants in rural Kenya","volume":"11","author":"M Mwaniki","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e713","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0007","article-title":"Indicators of acute bacterial meningitis in children at a rural Kenyan district hospital","volume":"114","author":"JA Berkley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"SAS Proprietary Software 9.4 for Windows, 2002\u20132012"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2307\/2532163","article-title":"Two guidelines for bootstrap hypothesis testing","volume":"47","author":"P Hall","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"010601","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.06.010601","article-title":"Validating hierarchical verbal autopsy expert algorithms in a large data set with known causes of death","volume":"6","author":"HD Kalter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Global Health"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"36","article-title":"Vital civic registration system as a tool for development planning in Nigeria: An examination of the major challenges","volume":"11","author":"OP Okereka","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Culture, Society and Development"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health. Nigeria Health Information System Policy. September, 2014. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ehealth4everyone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Nig-Health-Info.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/ehealth4everyone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Nig-Health-Info.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-S3-S11","article-title":"Clean birth and postnatal care practices to reduce neonatal death from sepsis and tetanus: a systematic review and Delphi estimation of mortality effect","volume":"11","author":"H Blencowe","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2010.02.004","article-title":"International perspective on early-onset neonatal sepsis","volume":"37","author":"HA Ganatra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.139790","article-title":"Neonatal cause-of-death estimates for the early and late neonatla periods for 194 countries: 2000\u20132013","volume":"93","author":"S Oza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Beyond the causes of death: The social determinants of deceased children 1\u201359 months of age in Nigeria from 2009\u20132013","author":"AK Koffi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0178129","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T00:03:32Z","timestamp":1540339412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0178129"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kelli K.","family":"Ryckman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0178129","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]]}}}