{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T03:07:34Z","timestamp":1792206454516,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]],"date-time":"2017-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K18DC13564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K18DC13564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health (US)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01DC005841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC005841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]],"date-time":"2017-07-14T17:38:58Z","timestamp":1500053938000},"page":"e0180630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Nasopharyngeal microbiota in infants and changes during viral upper respiratory tract infection and acute otitis media"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1846-1721","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tasnee","family":"Chonmaitree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristofer","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgiy","family":"Golovko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Khanipov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pimenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janak A.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Loeffelholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuriy","family":"Fofanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.09.006","article-title":"Epidemiology, natural history, and risk factors: Panel report from the Ninth International Research Conference on Otitis Media","volume":"74","author":"KA Daly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1163","article-title":"Antibiotic prescription rates for acute respiratory tract infections in US ambulatory settings","volume":"302","author":"CG Grijalva","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2003.09.002","article-title":"International perspectives on management of acute otitis media: a qualitative review","volume":"68","author":"AG Schilder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1086\/528685","article-title":"Viral upper respiratory tract infection and otitis media complication in young children","volume":"46","author":"T Chonmaitree","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1086\/509329","article-title":"Acute otitis media is not a pure bacterial disease","volume":"43","author":"T Chonmaitree","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0709518","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of polymicrobial otitis media","volume":"87","author":"LO Bakaletz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Development of upper respiratory tract microbiota in infancy is affected by mode of delivery","author":"AA Bosch","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.12.1909","article-title":"Dynamics of the nasal microbiota in infancy: a prospective cohort study","volume":"135","author":"M Mika","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.03.008","article-title":"The infant nasopharyngeal microbiome impacts severity of lower respiratory infection and risk of asthma development","volume":"17","author":"SM Teo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1086\/516477","article-title":"Relationship between nasopharyngeal colonization and the development of otitis media in children","volume":"175","author":"H Faden","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3555","article-title":"Acute otitis media and other complications of viral respiratory infection","volume":"137","author":"T Chonmaitree","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000184","article-title":"Importance of viruses in acute otitis media","volume":"27","author":"J Nokso-Koivisto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(95)01220-6","article-title":"Investigation of oral alpha-streptococcus showing inhibitory activity against pathogens in children with tonsillitis","volume":"33","author":"I Fujimori","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(98)00174-8","article-title":"In vitro inhibition of S. pneumoniae, nontypable H. influenzae and M. catharralis by alpha-hemolytic streptococci from healthy children","volume":"47","author":"K Tano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480260349827","article-title":"Bacterial adherence to pharyngeal cells: in vitro studies with alpha-haemolytic streptococci and Haemophilus influenzae","volume":"122","author":"K Tano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.01.011","article-title":"Probiotics and otitis media in children","volume":"76","author":"L Niittynen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.04.008","article-title":"Probiotic strategies for treatment of respiratory diseases","volume":"21","author":"NA Nagalingam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2086-y","article-title":"Probiotics in respiratory virus infections","volume":"33","author":"L Lehtoranta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00245","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00245-10","article-title":"Microbial communities of the upper respiratory tract and otitis media in children","volume":"2","author":"AS Laufer","year":"2011","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6262","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01051-12","article-title":"Upper respiratory tract microbial communities, acute otitis media pathogens, and antibiotic use in healthy and sick children","volume":"78","author":"MM Pettigrew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis024","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal microbiota in infants with acute otitis media","volume":"205","author":"M Hilty","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1240OC","article-title":"Early respiratory microbiota composition determines bacterial succession patterns and respiratory health in children","volume":"190","author":"G Biesbroek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu714","article-title":"Symptomatic and asymptomatic viral infections in the first year of life: Association with acute otitis media development","volume":"60","author":"T Chonmaitree","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-220806","article-title":"The Human Microbiome Project strategy for comprehensive sampling of the human microbiome and why it matters","volume":"27","author":"K Aagaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"D1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"C Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000744","article-title":"Factors Affecting Staphylococcus aureus Colonization of the Nasopharynx in the First Six Months of Life","volume":"34","author":"JA Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-483","article-title":"Interrelationship of <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/italic>, <italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/italic> and <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> colonization within and between pneumococcal-vaccine na\u00efve mother-child dyads","volume":"13","author":"T Shiri","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31827687fc","article-title":"Relationships between rhinitis symptoms, respiratory viral infections and nasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus in children attending daycare","volume":"32","author":"F Rodrigues","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv761","article-title":"Epidemiological Markers for Interactions Among Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus in Upper Respiratory Tract Carriage","volume":"213","author":"JA Lewnard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1199-9","article-title":"Infant colonization by Staphylococcus aureus: role of maternal carriage","volume":"30","author":"E Chatzakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17035","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017035","article-title":"Variability and Diversity of Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in Children: A Metagenomic Analysis","volume":"6","author":"D Bogaert","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201401-0073OC","article-title":"The impact of breastfeeding on nasopharyngeal microbial communities in infants","volume":"190","author":"G Biesbroek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2002.131220","article-title":"Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and nasopharyngeal microbiota in healthy children","volume":"20","author":"G Biesbroek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2695","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002695","article-title":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatment Options for Otitis Media: 2016. A Systematic Review","volume":"95","author":"T Marom","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0180630","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T00:31:25Z","timestamp":1659227485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0180630"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Eliane N.","family":"Miyaji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0180630","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]]}}}