{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:16:19Z","timestamp":1791872179505,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]],"date-time":"2017-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KQ1002B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KQ1002B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]],"date-time":"2017-08-03T17:59:12Z","timestamp":1501783152000},"page":"e0182162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":172,"title":["Psychometric analysis of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) in primary care using modern item response theory"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6394-076X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pascal","family":"Jordan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meike C.","family":"Shedden-Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"L\u00f6we","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10065","article-title":"Generalized anxiety disorder: Prevalence, burden, and cost to society","volume":"16","author":"HU Wittchen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093","article-title":"Validation and standardization of the generalized anxiety disorder screener (GAD-7) in the general population","volume":"46","author":"B L\u00f6we","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(85)90010-8","article-title":"The Relationship between Anxiety and Depression","volume":"5","author":"KS Dobson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder\u2014The GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893","article-title":"An Inventory for Measuring Clinical Anxiety\u2014Psychometric Properties","volume":"56","author":"AT Beck","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psych"},{"issue":"suppl 8","key":"ref6","first-page":"24","article-title":"Generalized anxiety and depression in primary care: prevalence, recognition, and management","volume":"63","author":"HU Wittchen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3182547392","article-title":"Computerized Adaptive Testing-Ready for Ambulatory Monitoring?","volume":"74","author":"M Rose","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.11.006","article-title":"Establishing a common metric for self-reported anxiety: Linking the MASQ, PANAS, and GAD-7 to PROMIS Anxiety","volume":"28","author":"BD Schalet","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-006-1447-6","article-title":"The attack of the psychometricians","volume":"71","author":"D Borsboom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191110374797","article-title":"The value of item response theory in clinical assessment: a review","volume":"18","author":"ML Thomas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2015.11.004","article-title":"Collaborative stepped care for somatoform disorders: A pre-post-intervention study in primary care","volume":"80","author":"MC Shedden-Mora","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Effectiveness of a stepped, collaborative, and coordinated health care network for somatoform disorders (Sofu-Net): A controlled cluster cohort study","author":"B. L\u00f6we","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004","article-title":"Anxiety disorders in primary care: Prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection","volume":"146","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176350174","article-title":"Conditional Association and Unidimensionality in Monotone Latent Variable Models","volume":"14","author":"PW Holland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annals of Statistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02306030","article-title":"Testing the Conditional-Independence and Monotonicity Assumptions of Item Response Theory","volume":"49","author":"PR Rosenbaum","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984676","article-title":"Introduction to Nonparametric Item Response Theory","author":"K Sijtsma","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110813203","article-title":"A theory and procedure of scale analysis: With applications in political research","author":"RJ Mokken","year":"1971"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1348\/000711004849295","article-title":"Estimation of maximal reliability: A note on a covariance structure modelling approach","volume":"57","author":"T. Raykov","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-008-9101-0","article-title":"On the Use, the Misuse, and the Very Limited Usefulness of Cronbach&apos;s Alpha","volume":"74","author":"K Sijtsma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","article-title":"lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling","volume":"48","author":"Y Rosseel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives","volume":"6","author":"LT Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mokken scale analysis in R","volume":"20","author":"LA Van der Ark","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/63.3.581","article-title":"Inference and Missing Data","volume":"63","author":"DB Rubin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008929526011","article-title":"WinBUGS\u2014A Bayesian modelling framework: Concepts, structure, and extensibility","volume":"10","author":"DJ Lunn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","first-page":"1","article-title":"BUGS code for item response theory","volume":"36","author":"SM Curtis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.2005.00021.x","article-title":"Assessing fit of unidimensional item response theory models using a Bayesian approach","volume":"42","author":"S Sinharay","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Educ Meas"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.2011.00132.x","article-title":"Assessing Fit of Unidimensional Graded Response Models Using Bayesian Methods","volume":"48","author":"XW Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Educ Meas"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Bayesian data analysis","author":"A Gelman","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref29","first-page":"733","article-title":"Posterior predictive assessment of model fitness via realized discrepancies","volume":"6","author":"A Gelman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stat Sinica"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Seung W. Choi, with contributions from Laura E. Gibbons and Paul K. Crane (2016). lordif: Logistic Ordinal Regression Differential Item Functioning using IRT. R package version 0.3\u20133. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=lordif\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=lordif<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1177\/014662169301700403","article-title":"Information Functions of the Generalized Partial Credit Model","volume":"17","author":"E Muraki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl Psych Meas"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006","article-title":"The patient health questionnaire somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptom scales: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2010","journal-title":"General hospital psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref33","first-page":"613","article-title":"An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ\u20134","volume":"50","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0182162","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T11:43:51Z","timestamp":1589024631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0182162"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jacobus P.","family":"van Wouwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0182162","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]}}}