{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T02:43:27Z","timestamp":1778726607119,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T17:23:16Z","timestamp":1502472196000},"page":"e0182408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The impact of the Orlando mass shooting on fear of victimization and gun-purchasing intentions: Not what one might expect"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Stroebe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. Pontus","family":"Leander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arie W.","family":"Kruglanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Shabad, R. <italic>Obama renews his call for gun control after Orlando<\/italic>. 2016; Retrieved from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/obama-reiterates-his-call-for-gun-control-action-after-orlando\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/obama-reiterates-his-call-for-gun-control-action-after-orlando\/<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Rojansakul, M. and B. Migliozzi (2016). Blomberg News. <italic>After Orlando, gun sales surged<\/italic>. 2016. Retrieved from <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/graphics\/2016-gun-sales\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/graphics\/2016-gun-sales\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023077303928","article-title":"Defensive gun uses: New evidence from a national survey","volume":"14","author":"P.J. Cook","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Quantitative Criminology"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Kelly, G. (2015). New Republic: Here\u2019s why nobody can agree on the number of mass shootings. Retrieved from <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/123027\/heres-why-no-one-can-agree-number-mass-shootings\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/123027\/heres-why-no-one-can-agree-number-mass-shootings<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"The Gun Violence Archive. 2017; Retrieved from <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.gunviolencearchive.org\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.gunviolencearchive.org\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"FBI. Serial murder: Multidisciplinary perspectives for investigators. 2005; Retrieved from <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/stats-services\/publications\/serial-murder\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/stats-services\/publications\/serial-murder<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"U.S. Government Information. PUBLIC LAW 112\u2013265\u2014JAN. 14, 2013 126 STAT. 2435. 2013; Retrieved from <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/112\/plaws\/publ265\/PLAW-112publ265.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/112\/plaws\/publ265\/PLAW-112publ265.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"FBI. A study of active shooter incidents in the United States between 2000 and 2013. 2013; Retrieved from <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/file-repository\/active-shooter-study-2000-2013-1.pdf\/view\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/file-repository\/active-shooter-study-2000-2013-1.pdf\/view<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Krouse, W.J. &amp; Richardson, D.J. Mass murders with firearms: Incidents and Victims. Congressional Research Service. Congressional Research Service 7\u20135700. 2015; Retrieved from <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R44126.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R44126.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Follman, M., Aronsen, G. &amp; Pan, D. A guide to mass shootings in America. 2017; Retrieved from <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2012\/07\/mass-shootings-map\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2012\/07\/mass-shootings-map<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Cohen, A.P., D. Azrael, and M. Miller. <italic>Rate of mass shootings has tripled since 2011<\/italic>. 2014; <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2014\/10\/mass-shootings-increasing-harvard-research\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2014\/10\/mass-shootings-increasing-harvard-research<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/1088767913510297","article-title":"Mass shootings in America: Moving beyond Newton","volume":"14","author":"A.J. Fox","year":"2014","journal-title":"Homicide Studies"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Alvarez, L., R. P\u00e9rez-Pena &amp; Hauser, C. Orlando gunman was &apos;cool and calm&apos; after massacre, police say. 2016; Retrieved from <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/14\/us\/orlando-shooting.html?_r=0\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/14\/us\/orlando-shooting.html?_r=0<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Gallup. Guns: Historical trends. 2014; Retrieved from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/1645\/guns.aspx\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/1645\/guns.aspx<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2011.03.002","article-title":"The effect of perceived risk of victimization on plans to purchase a gun for self-protection","volume":"39","author":"G. Kleck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Criminal Justice"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1976.tb01931.x","article-title":"Why people own guns","volume":"26","author":"J.S. Williams","year":"1976","journal-title":"Jurnal of Communication"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"299","article-title":"Firearm ownership, gun control attitudes, and neighborhood environment","volume":"5","author":"P McClain","year":"1983","journal-title":"Firearm ownership, gun control attitudes, and neighborhood environment"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1985.tb00353.x","article-title":"Gender, fear, and protective handgun ownership","volume":"23","author":"G.D. Hill","year":"1985","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1991.tb01078.x","article-title":"Measuring protective handgun ownership","volume":"29","author":"L.M. Marciniak","year":"1991","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1997.tb01233.x","article-title":"The social determinants of gun ownership: Self-protection in an urban environment","volume":"35","author":"L. Cao","year":"1997","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2307\/2095123","article-title":"Firearms ownership for sport and protection: Two divergent models","volume":"45","author":"A.J. Lizotte","year":"1980","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stroebe, W., N.P. Leander, and A.W. Kruglanski, <italic>Is it a dangerous world out there? The motivational bases of American gun ownership<\/italic>. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2017;","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167217703952"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Enemies of freedom: Understanding right-wing authoritarianism","author":"B. Altemeyer","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"75","article-title":"The psychological bases of ideology and prejudice: Testing a dual process model","volume":"83","author":"J. Duckitt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Gallup. Worry about terror attacks in the U.S. high, but not top concern. 2016. Retrieved from <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/190253\/worry-terror-attacks-high-not-top-concern.aspx\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/190253\/worry-terror-attacks-high-not-top-concern.aspx<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Agiesta, J. (2017). Poll: Concern about terrorist attack at highest level sinc3 2003. 2017; Retrieved from <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2016\/06\/23\/politics\/terror-attack-poll\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2016\/06\/23\/politics\/terror-attack-poll\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Aisch, G. and J. Keller. What happens each time after call for new gun restrictions? Sales go up. 2016; Retrieved from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2015\/12\/10\/us\/gun-sales-terrorism-obama-restrictions.html?_r=0\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2015\/12\/10\/us\/gun-sales-terrorism-obama-restrictions.html?_r=0<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Shapiro, T.R. &amp; Zezima, K. Gun sales have dropped since Trump\u2019s election, except among people scared of his administration. 2016; Retrieved from <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/gun-sales-have-dropped-since-trumps-election-except-among-people-scared-of-his-administration\/2017\/03\/05\/03f5b522-ff6a-11e6-8f41-ea6ed597e4ca_story.html?utm_term=.8c5a93e9d61c\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/gun-sales-have-dropped-since-trumps-election-except-among-people-scared-of-his-administration\/2017\/03\/05\/03f5b522-ff6a-11e6-8f41-ea6ed597e4ca_story.html?utm_term=.8c5a93e9d61c<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Smith (2017). How president Trump is bad for the gun industry. 2017; Retrieved from <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2017\/02\/03\/news\/companies\/trump-gun-ammo-sales\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2017\/02\/03\/news\/companies\/trump-gun-ammo-sales\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soscij.2015.03.002","article-title":"Responding to violence with guns: Mass shootings and gun acquisition","volume":"52","author":"L.N Wallace","year":"2015","journal-title":"Social Science Journal"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Gallup. Men, married, southerners most likely to be gun owners. 2013; <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/160223\/men-married-southerners-likely-gun-owners.aspx\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/160223\/men-married-southerners-likely-gun-owners.aspx<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azt052","article-title":"Revisiting the gun ownership and violence link: A multilevel analysis of victimization survey data","volume":"54","author":"J.P van Kesteren","year":"2014","journal-title":"British Journal of Criminology"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"Achenbach, J. <italic>How to improve your chances to survive a mass shooting like Orlando<\/italic>. 2016; Retrieved from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-nation\/wp\/2016\/06\/17\/how-to-survive-an-active-shooting-like-orlando\/?utm_term=.f24ea9dfdec9\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-nation\/wp\/2016\/06\/17\/how-to-survive-an-active-shooting-like-orlando\/?utm_term=.f24ea9dfdec9<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Crime Prevention Research Center. <italic>New Study: Over 12.8 Million concealed handgun permits, last year saw by far the largest increase ever in the number of permits<\/italic>. 2015; Retrieved from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/crimeresearch.org\/2015\/07\/new-study-over-12-8-concealed-handgun-permits-last-year-saw-by-far-the-largest-increase-ever-in-the-number-of-permits\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/crimeresearch.org\/2015\/07\/new-study-over-12-8-concealed-handgun-permits-last-year-saw-by-far-the-largest-increase-ever-in-the-number-of-permits\/<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"NICS Firearm checks: month\/year by State. 2017; Retrieved from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/file-repository\/nics_firearm_checks_-_month_year_by_state.pdf\/view\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/file-repository\/nics_firearm_checks_-_month_year_by_state.pdf\/view<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Hudson, J. <italic>The rest of the First World is astounded by America&apos;s enduring gun culture<\/italic>. 2012; Retrieved from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/international\/archive\/2012\/07\/rest-first-world-astounded-americas-enduring-gun-culture\/325505\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/international\/archive\/2012\/07\/rest-first-world-astounded-americas-enduring-gun-culture\/325505\/<\/ext-link>."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0182408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,20]],"date-time":"2018-10-20T15:43:35Z","timestamp":1540050215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0182408"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Atte","family":"Oksanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0182408","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]}}}