{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:17:50Z","timestamp":1784179070692,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T13:40:37Z","timestamp":1503495637000},"page":"e0182820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pediatric cryptosporidiosis: An evaluation of health care and societal costs in Peru, Bangladesh and Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ellen R.","family":"Rafferty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6122-5332","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Janna M.","family":"Schurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Arndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert K. M.","family":"Choy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio L.","family":"de Hostos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Shoultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards and Health","author":"R Carr","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60844-2","article-title":"Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study","volume":"382","author":"K Kotloff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"e564","article-title":"Pathogen-specific burdens of community diarrhoea in developing countries: a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED)","volume":"3","author":"J Platts-Mills","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Parasites\u2014Cryptosporidium. 2015. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/crypto\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.1.149","article-title":"Cryptosporidium infection in infancy as a cause of malnutrition: a community study from Guinea-Bissau, West Africa","volume":"65","author":"K Molbak","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009675","article-title":"Effects of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in Peruvian children: Growth faltering and subsequent catch-up growth","volume":"148","author":"W Checkley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.707","article-title":"Association of early childhood diarrhea and cryptosporidiosis with impaired physical fitness and conitive function four-seven years later in a poor urban community in northeast Brazil","volume":"61","author":"D Guerrant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07744-9","article-title":"Effects of stunting, diarrhoeal disease, and parasitic infection during infancy on cognition in late childhood: a follow-up study","volume":"359","author":"D Berkman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2125","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002125","article-title":"\u201cBarriers\u201d to child development and human potential: the case for including the \u201cNeglected Enteric Protozoa\u201d (NEP) and other enteropathy-associated pathogens in the NTDs","volume":"7","author":"L Bartelt","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004564","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004564","article-title":"Natural history of cryptosporidiosis in a longitudinal study of slum-dwelling Bangladeshi children: Association with severe malnutition","volume":"10","author":"P Korpe","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nitazoxanide. 2015. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/crypto\/nitazoxanide.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11401-2","article-title":"Effect of nitazoxanide on morbidity and mortality in Zambian children with cryptosporidiosis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"360","author":"B Amadi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70772-8","article-title":"A review of the global burden, novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine targets for Cryptosporidium","volume":"15","author":"W Checkley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"90","article-title":"Cryptosporidium as a foodborne pathogen","author":"L Robertson","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004242","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004242","article-title":"Addressing Cryptosporidium infection among young children in low-income settings: The crucial role of new and existing drugs for reducing morbidity and mortality","volume":"10","author":"D Shoultz","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0904.020417","article-title":"Cost of illness in the 1993 waterborne Cryptospordium outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin","volume":"9","author":"P Corso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811002858","article-title":"Direct healthcare costs of selected diseases primarily or partially transmitted by water","volume":"140","author":"S Collier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.1086\/605043","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Peru","volume":"200","author":"A Clark","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S76","DOI":"10.1086\/605058","article-title":"Rotavirus disease burden and impact and cost-effectiveness of a rotavirus vaccination program in Kenya","volume":"200","author":"J Tate","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Tan-Torres Edejer T, Baltussen R, Adam T, Hutubessy R, Acharya A, Evans D, et al., editors. WHO guide to cost-effectiveness analysis. 2003. http:\/\/www.who.int\/choice\/publications\/p_2003_generalised_cea.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"The World Bank. World Bank Open Data. 2016. http:\/\/data.worldbank.org<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"United Nations Statistics Division. Population by age, sex and urban\/rural residence. UNdata: A world of information. 2016. http:\/\/data.un.org\/Data.aspx?d=POP&f=tableCode%3A22<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0755","article-title":"Health care-seeking behavior during childhood diarrheal illness: Results of Health Care Utilization and Attitudes Surveys of caretakers in Western Kenya, 2007\u20132010","volume":"89","author":"R Omore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0178","article-title":"Community case management of childhood diarrhea in a setting with declining use of oral rehydration therapy: Findings from cross-sectional studies among primary household caregivers, Kenya, 2007","volume":"85","author":"C Olson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.03.010403","article-title":"Treatment of diarrhea in young children: results from surveys on the perception and use of oral rehydration solutions, antibiotics, and other therapies in India and Kenya","volume":"3","author":"G Zwisler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"78","article-title":"Health service provision in Kenya: Assessing facility capacity, costs of care, and patient perspectives","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"222","article-title":"Nutritional status of children admitted for diarrhoeal diseases in a referral hospital in western Kenya","volume":"90","author":"I Marete","year":"2013","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2012.03029.x","article-title":"Out-of-pocket costs of paediatric admissions in district hospitals in Kenya","volume":"17","author":"E Barasa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Andalon M, Pages C. Minimum wages in Kenya. Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA); 2008. p. 42. Report No.: 3390. ftp:\/\/ftp.iza.org\/RePEc\/Discussionpaper\/dp3390.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington; 2016. http:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd-compare<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Economic Survey 2015. Nairobi, Kenya; 2015. p. 339. www.knbs.or.ke<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60032-4","article-title":"Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries","volume":"369","author":"S Grantham-McGregor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8050292","article-title":"The economic burden of malnutrition in pregnant women and children under 5 years of age in Cambodia","volume":"8","author":"R Moench-Pfanner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0107","article-title":"Health care-seeking behavior for childhood diarrhea in Mirzapur, rural Bangladesh","volume":"89","author":"S Das","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0130105","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130105","article-title":"Diarrheal illness and healthcare seeking behavior among a population at high risk for diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"10","author":"F Chowdhury","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S327","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis764","article-title":"Determinants of household costs associated with childhood diarrhea in 3 South Asian settings","volume":"55","author":"R Rheingans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12254","article-title":"Economic burden of influenza\u2010associated hospitalizations and outpatient visits in Bangladesh during 2010","volume":"8","author":"M Bhuiyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Trading Economics. 2017. http:\/\/www.tradingeconomics.com\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-016-2049-2","article-title":"Do social factors predict appropriate treatment of child diarrheal disease in Peru?","volume":"20","author":"K Volpicelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyl156","article-title":"Women\u2019s participation in a cervical cancer screening program in northern Peru","volume":"23","author":"J Winkler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Educ Res"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"71","article-title":"La carga econ\u00f3mica de la enfermedad diarreica aguda en ni\u00f1os menores de tres a\u00f1os en localidades de la sierra y selva del Per\u00fa","volume":"10","author":"J Vera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Fac Cien Econ Univ Nac Mayor de San Marcos"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60560-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: An updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000","volume":"379","author":"L Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S317","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis763","article-title":"Exploring household economic impacts of childhood diarrhea illnesses in 3 African settings","volume":"55","author":"R Rheingans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004729","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004729","article-title":"The burden of Cryptosporidium diarrheal disease among children <24 months of age in moderate\/high mortality regions of Sub-Saharan Aftrica and South Asia, utilizing data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)","volume":"10","author":"S Sow","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0142055","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142055","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in children in an urban informal settlement of Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"10","author":"C Mbae","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1410.071273","article-title":"Cryptosporidium species and subtypes and clinical manifestations in children, Peru","volume":"14","author":"V Cama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica e Inform\u00e1tica\u2014INEI\/Per\u00fa. Per\u00fa Encuesta Demogr\u00e1fica y de Salud Familiar\u2014ENDES 2012. Lima, Peru: INEI-Peru; 2013. p. 529. https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/FR284\/FR284.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Dhaka, Bangladesh and Rockville, USA: NIPORT, Mitra and associates, and ICF International; 2016 p. 354."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0171","article-title":"Examining the use of Oral Rehydration Salts and other Oral Rehydration Therapy for childhood diarrhea in Kenya","volume":"85","author":"L Blum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0182820","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T14:33:12Z","timestamp":1570026792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0182820"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Isaac Chun-Hai","family":"Fung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0182820","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]}}}