{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T21:46:01Z","timestamp":1789854361480,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]],"date-time":"2017-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China 973","award":["No. 2012CB517600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2012CB517600"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Support Program","award":["2013BAI09b04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013BAI09b04"]}]},{"name":"Youth Science and Technology Creative Research Groups of Sichuan Province","award":["2015TD0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015TD0013"]}]},{"name":"John Chalmers Servier Post-doctoral fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]],"date-time":"2017-09-12T17:38:45Z","timestamp":1505237925000},"page":"e0184398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Comparative effectiveness and tolerance of immunosuppressive treatments for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1240-0311","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Song","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Toyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meg","family":"Jardine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guisen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlado","family":"Perkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daqing","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(97)90485-6","article-title":"Changing etiologies of unexplained adult nephrotic syndrome: a comparison of renal biopsy findings from 1976\u20131979 and 1995\u20131997","volume":"30","author":"M Haas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01330209","article-title":"The natural history of the non-nephrotic membranous nephropathy patient","volume":"4","author":"MA Hladunewich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"61","article-title":"The natural history of renal function in untreated idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis in adults","volume":"22","author":"AM Davison","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr371","article-title":"Management of patients with membranous nephropathy","volume":"27","author":"JM Hofstra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.20","article-title":"Idiopathic membranous nephropathy","volume":"2","journal-title":"Kidney International Supplements"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i","DOI":"10.3310\/hta3120","article-title":"Assessing the quality of reports of randomised trials: implications for the conduct of meta-analyses","volume":"3","author":"D Moher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Higgins J GS e Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5. 1. 0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration."},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Higgins J GS, eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5. 1. 0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration."},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"d4949","article-title":"Inconsistency between direct and indirect comparisons of competing interventions: meta-epidemiological study","volume":"343","author":"S F","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000348475","article-title":"Tacrolimus combined with corticosteroids in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a randomized, prospective, controlled trial","volume":"181","author":"J Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contrib Nephrol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61566-9","article-title":"Immunosuppression for progressive membranous nephropathy: A UK randomised controlled trial","volume":"381","author":"A Howman","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2010.10.009","article-title":"Cyclosporine versus azathioprine therapy in high-risk idiopathic membranous nephropathy patients: A 3-year prospective study","volume":"65","author":"R Naumovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3109\/08860221003728754","article-title":"Comparison of immunosuppressive therapeutic regimens in patients with nephrotic syndrome due to idiopathic membranous nephropathy","volume":"32","author":"G Kosmadakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Renal failure"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181ca3a7d","article-title":"Tacrolimus combined with corticosteroids in treatment of nephrotic idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"339","author":"M Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm538","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil or standard therapy for membranous nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a pilot study","volume":"23","author":"L Senthil Nayagam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.04.013","article-title":"Mycophenolate Mofetil Monotherapy in Membranous Nephropathy: A 1-Year Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"52","author":"B Dussol","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002215","article-title":"Tacrolimus monotherapy in membranous nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"71","author":"M Praga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007020166","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of steroids and cyclophosphamide in adults with nephrotic syndrome caused by idiopathic membranous nephropathy","volume":"18","author":"V Jha","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan TM, Lin AW, Tang SC, Qian JQ, Lam MF, Ho YW, et al. (2007) Prospective controlled study on mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone in the treatment of membranous nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2007.00822.x"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-004-0276-0","article-title":"A randomized open-label comparative study of conventional therapy versus mizoribine onlay therapy in patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (postmarketing survey)","volume":"8","author":"T Shibasaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cattran DC, Appel GB, Hebert LA, Hunsicker LG, Pohl MA, Hoy WE, et al. (2001) Cyclosporine in patients with steroid-resistant membranous nephropathy: A randomized trial.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.0590041484.x"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponticelli C, Altieri P, Scolari F, Passerini P, Roccatello D, Cesana B, et al. (1998) A randomized study comparing methylprednisolone plus chlorambucil versus methylprednisolone plus cyclophosphamide in idiopathic membranous nephropathy.","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V93444"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/91.5.359","article-title":"Oral cyclophosphamide versus chlorambucil in the treatment of patients with membranous nephropathy and renal insufficiency","volume":"91","author":"AJW Branten","year":"1998","journal-title":"QJM\u2014Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Randomized trial of pulse cyclophosphamide and prednisone vs. prednisone alone in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. [abstract no: A0410]","volume":"7","author":"HA Austin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.453","article-title":"A 10-year follow-up of a randomized study with methylprednisolone and chlorambucil in membranous nephropathy","volume":"48","author":"C Ponticelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"A controlled trial of cyclosporine in patients with progressive membranous nephropathy","author":"DC Cattran","year":"1995","journal-title":"Canadian Glomerulonephritis Study Group"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-5-199409010-00003","article-title":"Preserving renal function in patients with membranous nephropathy: Daily oral chlorambucil compared with intermittent monthly pulses of cyclophosphamide","volume":"121","author":"LJM Reichert","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponticelli C, Zucchelli P, Passerini P, Cesana B (1992) Methylprednisolone plus chlorambucil as compared with methylprednisolone alone for the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199208273270904"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-6-438","article-title":"Treatment of progressive membranous glomerulopathy. A randomized trial comparing cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids with corticosteroids alone","volume":"116","author":"RJ Falk","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a068422","article-title":"The Medical Research Council trial of short-term high-dose alternate day prednisolone in idiopathic membranous nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome in adults. The MRC Glomerulonephritis Working Party","volume":"74","author":"JS Cameron","year":"1990","journal-title":"Quarterly journal of medicine"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cattran DC, Delmore T, Roscoe J, Cole E, Cardella C, Charron R, et al. (1989) A randomized controlled trial of prednisone in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198901263200403"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"1209","article-title":"Controlled trial of azathioprine in the nephrotic syndrome secondary to idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis","volume":"115","author":"DS Silverberg","year":"1976","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1974.129","article-title":"Controlled trial of cyclophosphamide in idiopathic membranous nephropathy","volume":"6","author":"JV Donadio","year":"1974","journal-title":"Kidney international"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"571A","article-title":"A randomized study on treatment with adrenocorticotrophic hormone in idiopathic membranous nephropathy [abstract no: F-PO1112]","volume":"17","author":"M Arnadottir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Braun N, Dietz K, Vonthein R, Erley C, Risler T (2004) Remission and relapses in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Description by a longitudinal multi-state markov-model [abstract]. 41st Congress European Renal Association European Dialysis and Transplantation Association."},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"A64","article-title":"Results of long-term randomised study of immunosupressive treatment of patients with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis [abstract]","volume":"16","author":"AI Dyadyk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"229","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of cyclophosphamide, warfarin and dipyridamole in idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis","volume":"37","author":"BF Murphy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical nephrology"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197912133012401","article-title":"A controlled study of short-term prednisone treatment in adults with membranous nephropathy. Collaborative study of the adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","volume":"301","author":"CH Coggins","year":"1979","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"51","article-title":"Methyl prednisolone plus chlorambucil as compared with prednisolone alone for the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy\u2014A preliminary study","volume":"13","author":"S Ahmed","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bangladesh Renal Journal"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"350","article-title":"Prognosis and management of membraneous nephropathy","volume":"41","author":"DK Pahari","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Physicians of India"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"A prospective randomised trial of cyclophosphamide, dipyridamole and warfarin in membranous and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis","author":"DJ Tiller","year":"1981","journal-title":"Advances in Basic and Clinical Nephrology 8th International Congress of Nephrology"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"631","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of an immunosuppressive drug, mizoribine (HE-69) on steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome\u2014a multicenter double-blind comparison study with placebo","volume":"34","author":"S Koshikawa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Jin to Toseki [Kidney and Dialysis]"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2015.07.021","article-title":"Comparison of different therapies in high-risk patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy","volume":"115","author":"L Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12569","article-title":"Tacrolimus combined with corticosteroids versus Modified Ponticelli regimen in treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy: Randomized control trial","volume":"21","author":"R Ramachandran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hkjn.2015.09.019","article-title":"Clinical Trial of Treatment for Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy with Leflunomide Combined with Cyclophosphamide and Glucocorticoid","volume":"17","author":"S Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hong Kong Journal of Nephrology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810457","article-title":"M-type phospholipase A2 receptor as target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy","volume":"361","author":"LH Beck Jr.","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409354","article-title":"Thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A in idiopathic membranous nephropathy","volume":"371","author":"NM Tomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.32","article-title":"THSD7A staining of membranous glomerulopathy in clinical practice reveals cases with dual autoantibody positivity","volume":"29","author":"CP Larsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0138841","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138841","article-title":"Prevalence of Enhanced Granular Expression of Thrombospondin Type-1 Domain-Containing 7A in the Glomeruli of Japanese Patients with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy","volume":"10","author":"T Iwakura","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016010050","article-title":"An Indirect Immunofluorescence Method Facilitates Detection of Thrombospondin Type 1 Domain-Containing 7A-Specific Antibodies in Membranous Nephropathy","volume":"28","author":"E Hoxha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07570712","article-title":"Immunosuppression for membranous nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 36 clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Y Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of The American Society of Nephrology: CJASN"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199908150-00012","article-title":"Islet cell damage associated with tacrolimus and cyclosporine: morphological features in pancreas allograft biopsies and clinical correlation","volume":"68","author":"CB Drachenberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00620206","article-title":"Influence of early posttransplantation prednisone and calcineurin inhibitor dosages on the incidence of new-onset diabetes","volume":"2","author":"TE Burroughs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Calcineurin inhibitors versus cyclophosphamide for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 clinical trials","author":"TT Qiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-015-0199-x","article-title":"Comparison of tripterygium wilfordii multiglycosides and tacrolimus in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a prospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"S Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1201","article-title":"Network meta-analysis for indirect treatment comparisons","volume":"21","author":"T Lumley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0184398","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T18:59:44Z","timestamp":1659466784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0184398"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Remuzzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0184398","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]]}}}