{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:08:07Z","timestamp":1790766487645,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]],"date-time":"2017-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]],"date-time":"2017-10-10T13:26:26Z","timestamp":1507641986000},"page":"e0184769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Conventional early infant diagnosis in Lesotho from specimen collection to results usage to manage patients: Where are the bottlenecks?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8045-7590","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Appolinaire","family":"Tiam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather J.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Isavwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mafusi","family":"Mokone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matokelo","family":"Foso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey T.","family":"Safrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne M.","family":"Mofenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorkild","family":"Tyllesk\u00e4r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Guay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02946.x","article-title":"Suboptimal patterns of provider initiated HIV testing and counselling, antiretroviral therapy eligibility assessment and referral in primary health clinic attendees in Blantyre, Malawi","volume":"17","author":"P Macpherson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and International Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-490","article-title":"Evidence of improving antiretroviral therapy treatment delays: an analysis of eight years of programmatic outcomes in Blantyre, Malawi","volume":"13","author":"DJ Sloan","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41998","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041998","article-title":"High Risk of ART Non-Adherence and Delay of ART Initiation among HIV Positive Double Orphans in Kigali, Rwanda","volume":"7","author":"K Kikuchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-S1-S10","article-title":"Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Kenya: challenges to implementation","volume":"14","author":"E du Plessis","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"UNAIDS Towards an AIDS-Free world for children- a global push to end pediatric AIDS. Geneva, Switzerland 2016. www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media-asset\/JC2869-Be%20Free%Booklet-A4.pdf<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Lesotho. Demographic and health survey, 2014. https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/FR309\/FR309.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"UNAIDS, Lesotho Gap report 2015. http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/country\/documents\/LSO_narrative_report_2015.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Government of Lesotho, Ministry of Health. National Guidelines for HIV AIDS Care and Treatment 5th Ed. 2016. http:\/\/hivpolicywatch.org\/duremaps\/data\/guidelines\/LesothoARTGuidelinesAllChaptersandAnnex2016.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Government of Lesotho, Ministry of health. National Guidelines for the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV, 2013. http:\/\/www.emtct-iatt.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Lesotho-PMTCT-Revised-Guidelines-2013.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"PEPFAR, Lesotho Country Operational Plan (COP) Strategic Direction Summary 2016. http:\/\/www.pepfar.gov\/documents\/organization\/257640.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115171","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115171","article-title":"Intra-Facility Linkage of HIV-Positive Mothers and HIV-Exposed Babies into HIV Chronic Care: Rural and Urban Experience in a Resource Limited Setting","volume":"9","author":"C Mugasha","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000460","article-title":"Missed opportunities for early infant HIV diagnosis: results of a national study in South Africa","volume":"68","author":"SA Woldesenbet","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78891","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078891","article-title":"Do Diagnosis Delays Impact Receipt of Test Results? Evidence from the HIV Early Infant Diagnosis Program in Uganda","volume":"8","author":"ML Mugambi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0134571","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134571","article-title":"Evaluating the Impact of Zimbabwe\u2019s Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Program: Population-Level Estimates of HIV-Free Infant Survival Pre-Option A","volume":"10","author":"R Buzdugan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87028","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087028","article-title":"Turnaround Time for Early Infant HIV Diagnosis in Rural Zambia: A Chart Review","volume":"9","author":"CG Sutcliffe","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20511","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.19.1.20511","article-title":"Uptake of early infant diagnosis in Thailand's national program for preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission and linkage to care, 2008\u20132011","volume":"19","author":"T Naiwatanakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-519","article-title":"12-month mortality and loss-to-program in antiretroviral-treated children: The IeDEA pediatric West African Database to evaluate AIDS (pWADA), 2000\u20132008","volume":"11","author":"DK Ekouevi","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0124041","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124041","article-title":"The Missed HIV-Positive Children of Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"E Pegurri","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-1213-5","article-title":"Use of peers, community lay persons and Village Health Team (VHT) members improves six-week postnatal clinic (PNC) follow-up and Early Infant HIV Diagnosis (EID) in urban and rural health units in Uganda: A one-year implementation study","volume":"15","author":"Z Namukwaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0325-8","article-title":"High mortality in HIV-infected children diagnosed in hospital underscores need for faster diagnostic turnaround time in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs","volume":"15","author":"A Wagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"WHO. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection, 2013. http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/guidelines\/arv2013\/arvs2013upplement_march2014\/en\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0800971","article-title":"Early Antiretroviral Therapy and Mortality among HIV-Infected Infants","volume":"359","author":"A Violari","year":"2008","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0184769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T12:51:52Z","timestamp":1540299112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0184769"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Etsuro","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0184769","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]}}}