{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:22:42Z","timestamp":1788582162650,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004257","name":"Helse Vest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["911829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["911829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004257","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T13:35:46Z","timestamp":1505309746000},"page":"e0184780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Sarcopenia in patients with hip fracture: A multicenter cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1849-3910","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ole Martin","family":"Steihaug","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara Gram","family":"Gjesdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e5rd","family":"Bogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e5lfrid Holen","family":"Kristoffersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunhild","family":"Lien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anette Hylen","family":"Ranhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034","article-title":"Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People","volume":"39","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2010","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.06.001","article-title":"Sarcopenia Is Recognized as an Independent Condition by an International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) Code","volume":"17","author":"L Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3241-8","article-title":"Relationship of sarcopenia and body composition with osteoporosis","volume":"27","author":"H He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-016-0107-9","article-title":"Rationale for Strengthening Muscle to Prevent Falls and Fractures: A Review of the Evidence","volume":"98","author":"O Benichou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Calcified tissue international"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1583-0","article-title":"Consequences of hip fracture on activities of daily life and residential needs","volume":"15","author":"EK Osnes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Prevalence of sarcopenia in acute hip fracture patients and its influence on short-term clinical outcome","author":"JI Gonzalez-Montalvo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geriatrics & gerontology international"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","first-page":"23","article-title":"Prevalence of pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia in Hong Kong Chinese geriatric patients with hip fracture and its correlation with different factors","volume":"22","author":"AW Ho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-014-0306-z","article-title":"Presarcopenia and sarcopenia in hip-fracture women: prevalence and association with ability to function in activities of daily living","volume":"27","author":"M Di Monaco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.51","article-title":"Geographic and ethnic disparities in osteoporotic fractures","volume":"10","author":"JA Cauley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature reviews Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.02.016","article-title":"Mortality following the first hip fracture in Norwegian women and men (1999\u20132008). A NOREPOS study","volume":"63","author":"TK Omsland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2008.03.022","article-title":"Mortality following hip fracture: trends and geographical variations over the last 40 years","volume":"39","author":"S Haleem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.08.005","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity progressive resistance training and targeted multidisciplinary treatment of frailty on mortality and nursing home admissions after hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"NA Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"9978","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62409-0","article-title":"Comprehensive geriatric care for patients with hip fractures: a prospective, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"A Prestmo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu115","article-title":"Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS)","volume":"43","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref15","first-page":"2185","article-title":"Hip fracture management: tailoring care for the older patient","volume":"307","author":"WW Hung","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12761","article-title":"Smoking cessation-related weight gain-beneficial effects on muscle mass, strength and bone health","volume":"110","author":"O Rom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"High prevalence of sarcopenia among binge drinking elderly women: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"17","author":"JI Yoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bmc Geriatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0163222","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163222","article-title":"Heavy Alcohol Consumption with Alcoholic Liver Disease Accelerates Sarcopenia in Elderly Korean Males: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008\u20132010","volume":"11","author":"DS Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.7.983","article-title":"Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and risk of hip fracture in women","volume":"161","author":"JA Baron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives of internal medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3290-z","article-title":"Smoking, smoking cessation, and fracture risk in elderly women followed for 10 years","volume":"27","author":"MH Thorin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.02.011","article-title":"Bone density loss on computed tomography at 3-year follow-up in current compared to former male smokers","volume":"89","author":"E Pompe","year":"2017","journal-title":"European journal of radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92882","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092882","article-title":"Smoking and body fat mass in relation to bone mineral density and hip fracture: the Hordaland Health Study","volume":"9","author":"J Oyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50216.x","article-title":"Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability","volume":"50","author":"I Janssen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu010","article-title":"The FNIH sarcopenia project: rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and final estimates","volume":"69","author":"SA Studenski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp003","article-title":"Recurrent and injurious falls in the year following hip fracture: a prospective study of incidence and risk factors from the Sarcopenia and Hip Fracture study","volume":"64","author":"BD Lloyd","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.05.017","article-title":"Preoperative predictors for mortality following hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"F Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"61","article-title":"Functional Evaluation: The Barthel Index","volume":"14","author":"FI Mahoney","year":"1965","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(02)00214-5","article-title":"Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials","volume":"22","author":"J Kondrup","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"ME Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324467","article-title":"Hip fracture surgery: is the pre-operative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score a predictor of functional outcome?","volume":"14","author":"JP Michel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/36.4.680","article-title":"Anthropometric measurement of muscle mass: revised equations for calculating bone-free arm muscle area","volume":"36","author":"SB Heymsfield","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.2.378","article-title":"Total-body skeletal muscle mass: estimation by a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method","volume":"76","author":"J Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identifying low muscle mass in patients with hip fracture: Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometry compared to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry","author":"OM Steihaug","year":"2016","journal-title":"The journal of nutrition, health & aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.75B5.8376443","article-title":"A new mobility score for predicting mortality after hip fracture","volume":"75","author":"MJ Parker","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"35","key":"ref35","first-page":"3297","article-title":"Timed Up and Go and New Mobility Score as predictors of function six months after hip fracture","volume":"167","author":"MT Kristensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref36","first-page":"A4447","article-title":"Most patients regain prefracture basic mobility after hip fracture surgery in a fast-track programme","volume":"59","author":"MT Kristensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512001870","article-title":"Generalised equations for the prediction of percentage body fat by anthropometry in adult men and women aged 18\u201381 years","volume":"109","author":"S Leahy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2015.12.009","article-title":"Assessment of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in clinical practice: An international survey","volume":"7","author":"O Bruyere","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.04.016","article-title":"Performance-based or self-report measures of physical function: which should be used in clinical trials of hip fracture patients?","volume":"89","author":"NK Latham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu012","article-title":"Criteria for clinically relevant weakness and low lean mass and their longitudinal association with incident mobility impairment and mortality: the foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) sarcopenia project","volume":"69","author":"RR McLean","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.018","article-title":"SARC-F: a simple questionnaire to rapidly diagnose sarcopenia","volume":"14","author":"TK Malmstrom","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-016-0686-1","article-title":"Identifying Low Muscle Mass in Patients with Hip Fracture: Validation of Biolectrical Impedance Analysis and Anthropometry Compared to Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry","volume":"20","author":"OM Steihaug","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0171707","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171707","article-title":"Mid-arm muscle circumference as a significant predictor of all-cause mortality in male individuals","volume":"12","author":"L-W Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12652","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a population-based cohort study of older men","volume":"62","author":"JL Atkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Manipulation of Muscle Creatine and Glycogen Changes DXA Estimates of Body Composition","author":"JL Bone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine and science in sports and exercise"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"1893","article-title":"The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. Annual Report. 2015","author":"LI Engesaeter LBFOH","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0218-1","article-title":"Who benefits from orthogeriatric treatment? Results from the Trondheim hip-fracture trial","volume":"16","author":"A Prestmo","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr070","article-title":"Does the amount of fat mass predict age-related loss of lean mass, muscle strength, and muscle quality in older adults?","volume":"66","author":"A Koster","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"8317","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92754-X","article-title":"Undernutrition, hypothermia, and injury in elderly women with fractured femur: an injury response to altered metabolism?","volume":"1","author":"MD Bastow","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0894-0959.2004.17603.x","article-title":"Serum albumin: relationship to inflammation and nutrition","volume":"17","author":"BR Don","year":"2004","journal-title":"Seminars in dialysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.07.007","article-title":"Serum albumin and total lymphocyte count as predictors of outcome in hip fractures","volume":"29","author":"BJ O'Daly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050033","article-title":"Importance of albumin, 25(OH)-vitamin D and IGFBP-3 as risk factors in elderly women and men with hip fracture","volume":"7","author":"D Thiebaud","year":"1997","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.3.531","article-title":"Lower serum albumin concentration and change in muscle mass: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study","volume":"82","author":"M Visser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.08.001","article-title":"Effectiveness of Nutritional Supplementation on Muscle Mass in Treatment of Sarcopenia in Old Age: A Systematic Review","volume":"14","author":"V Malafarina","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.219022","article-title":"Protein Supplementation at Breakfast and Lunch for 24 Weeks beyond Habitual Intakes Increases Whole-Body Lean Tissue Mass in Healthy Older Adults","volume":"146","author":"C Norton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.91","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of L-Leucine-enriched amino-acid mixtures on body composition and physical performance in men and women aged 65\u201375 years","volume":"70","author":"T Ispoglou","year":"2016","journal-title":"European journal of clinical nutrition"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.04.010","article-title":"Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on sarcopenia and recovery in hip fracture patients. A multi-centre randomized trial","volume":"101","author":"V Malafarina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Time trend 2000\u20132013 of vitamin D status in older people who sustain hip fractures: steps forward or steps back? A retrospective study of 1599 inpatients","author":"M Di Monaco","year":"2015","journal-title":"European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.01.016","article-title":"Vitamin K1 and 25(OH)D are independently and synergistically associated with a risk for hip fracture in an elderly population: a case control study","volume":"34","author":"AC Torbergsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181f15efc","article-title":"Polypharmacy correlates with increased risk for hip fracture in the elderly: a population-based study","volume":"89","author":"SW Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-014-9940-y","article-title":"Potentially inappropriate medication related to weakness in older acute medical patients","volume":"36","author":"LD Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.0324","article-title":"Reducing inappropriate polypharmacy: the process of deprescribing","volume":"175","author":"IA Scott","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA internal medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review","volume":"60","author":"RM Collard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2012.05.002","article-title":"Sarcopenia is more prevalent in men than in women after hip fracture: a cross-sectional study of 591 inpatients","volume":"55","author":"M Di Monaco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0184780","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T08:37:03Z","timestamp":1570091823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0184780"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tuan Van","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0184780","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]}}}