{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T21:00:03Z","timestamp":1778706003088,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,27]],"date-time":"2017-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,27]],"date-time":"2017-09-27T13:44:49Z","timestamp":1506519889000},"page":"e0185438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Field trial of efficacy of the Leish-tec\u00ae vaccine against canine leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in an endemic area with high transmission rates"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5189-9763","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Grimaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Teva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudiney B.","family":"dos-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Nunes","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Israel de-Souza","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blima","family":"Fux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Rocha","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alo\u00edsio","family":"Falqueto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Control of the leishmaniases, in Technical Report Series 949. Geneva: WHO; 2010."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1155","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001155","article-title":"Comparative microsatellite typing of New World <italic>Leishmania Infantum<\/italic> reveals low heterogeneity among populations and its recent Old World origin","volume":"5","author":"K Kuhls","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"199","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","author":"RD Ward","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"198","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: geographical distribution and transmission","volume":"4","author":"LM Deane","year":"1962","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(69)90118-7","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Brazil. IV. The fox, <italic>Cerdocyonthous<\/italic> (L) as a reservoire of <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> in Par\u00e1 State, Brazil","volume":"63","author":"R Lainson","year":"1969","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761984000400020","article-title":"Natural infection of the opossum <italic>Didelphis albiventris<\/italic> (Marsupialia, Didelphidae) with <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic>, in Brazil","volume":"79","author":"I A Sherlock","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.40.480","article-title":"Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Colombia","volume":"40","author":"A Corredor","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.04.001","article-title":"Canine leishmaniosis\u2014new concepts and insights on an expanding zoonosis: part one","volume":"24","author":"G Baneth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1086\/344312","article-title":"Infectiousness in a cohort of Brazilian dogs: why culling fails to control visceral leishmaniasis in areas of high transmission","volume":"186","author":"O Courtenay","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006881","article-title":"Multilevel modelling of the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in Teresina","volume":"135","author":"GL Werneck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brazil. Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.141.21.539","article-title":"A retrospective clinical study of canine leishmaniosis in 150 dogs naturally infected with <italic>Leishmania Infantum<\/italic>","volume":"141","author":"P Ciaramella","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.10.310","article-title":"Cytokine profiles in canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"128","author":"E Carrillo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2006.02.001","article-title":"Isotype patterns of immunoglobulins: hallmarks for clinical status and tissue parasite density in Brazilian dogs naturally infected by <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> (<italic>Leishmania<\/italic>) <italic>chagasi<\/italic>","volume":"112","author":"AB Reis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.559","article-title":"Cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiologic surveys of human and canine <italic>Leishmania Infantum<\/italic> visceral infections in an endemic rural area of southeast Brazil (Pancas, Esp\u00edrito Santo)","volume":"80","author":"A Falqueto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.03.004","article-title":"Infectivity of seropositive dogs, showing different clinical forms of leishmaniasis, to <italic>Lutzomyia Longipalpis<\/italic> Phlebotomine sandflies","volume":"147","author":"EM Michalsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761994000300036","article-title":"The Brazilian leishmaniasis control program","volume":"89","author":"MM Lacerda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000584","article-title":"Control of visceral leishmaniasis in Latin America\u2014a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"GA Romero","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00115-2","article-title":"Chemotherapy of canine leishmaniosis","volume":"106","author":"G Baneth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"371","article-title":"Canine leishmaniasis: clinical, parasitological and entomological follow-up after chemotherapy","volume":"88","author":"J Alvar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0269-283x.2001.00321.x","article-title":"Evidence for an impact on the incidence of canine leishmaniasis by the mass use of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars in Southern Italy","volume":"15","author":"M Maroli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.07.011","article-title":"Current status on prevention and treatment of canine leishmaniasis","volume":"227","author":"RM Reguera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.09.006","article-title":"Are insecticide-impregnated dog collars a feasible alternative to dog culling as a strategy for controlling canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil?","volume":"34","author":"R Reithinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.11.005","article-title":"The development and clinical evaluation of second-generation leishmaniasis vaccines","volume":"30","author":"MS Duthie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/892817","article-title":"Development of vaccines against leishmaniasis","volume":"2012","author":"KJ Evans","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1082","article-title":"A phase III trial of efficacy of the FML-vaccine against canine kala-azar in an endemic area of Brazil (S\u00e3o Gon\u00e7alo do Amaranto, RN)","volume":"19","author":"VO Silva","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.02.083","article-title":"Long-lasting protection against canine visceral leishmaniasis using the <italic>Li<\/italic>ESAp-MDP vaccine in endemic areas of France: Double-blind randomized efficacy field trial","volume":"25","author":"J-L Lemesre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.12.046","article-title":"Comparison of two commercial vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis in dogs from endemic areas: IgG, and subclasses, parasitism, and parasite transmission by xenodiagnoses","volume":"5","author":"CB Fernandes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00322-X","article-title":"Immunization with A2 protein results in a mixed Th1\/Th2 and a humoral response which protects mice against <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> infections","volume":"20","author":"A Ghosh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.05.012","article-title":"Evaluation of immune responses and protection induced by A2 and nucleoside hydrolase (NH) DNA vaccines against <italic>Leishmania chagasi<\/italic> and <italic>Leishmania amazonensis<\/italic> experimental infections","volume":"9","author":"FH Zanin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.05.095","article-title":"Protective immunity against challenge with <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> (<italic>Leishmania<\/italic>) <italic>chagasi<\/italic> in beagle dogs vaccinated with recombinant A2 protein","volume":"26","author":"AP Fernandes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2853","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002853","article-title":"Clinical and parasitological protection in a <italic>Leishmania infantum<\/italic>-macaque model vaccinated with adenovirus and the recombinant A2 antigen","volume":"8","author":"G Grimaldi Jr","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0040","article-title":"The effect of removing potentially infectious dogs on the numbers of canine <italic>Leishmania infantum<\/italic> infections in an endemic area with high transmission rates","volume":"86","author":"G Grimaldi Jr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.10.001","article-title":"Evaluation of a novel chromatographic immunoassay based on Dual-Path Platform technology (DPP<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> CVL rapid test) for the serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"106","author":"G Grimaldi Jr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00420-06","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on crude and recombinant leishmanial antigens for serodiagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic <italic>Leishmania infantum<\/italic> visceral infections in dogs","volume":"14","author":"R Porrozzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.04.025","article-title":"Antibody responses induced by Leish-Tec<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>, an A2-based vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis, in a heterogeneous canine population","volume":"204","author":"MC Testasicca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.510","article-title":"Impact of canine control on the epidemiology of canine and human visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"65","author":"CB Palatnik-de-Sousa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01807.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a mass distribution programme for fine-mesh impregnated bed nets against visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan","volume":"12","author":"K Ritmeijer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.03.045","article-title":"Decrease of the incidence of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis after dog vaccination with Leishmune<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> in Brazilian endemic areas","volume":"27","author":"CB Palatnik-de-Sousa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.4.1318-1322.2006","article-title":"Incidence and time course of <italic>Leishmania infantum<\/italic> infections examined by parasitological, serologic, and nested-PCR techniques in a cohort of naive dogs exposed to three consecutive transmission seasons","volume":"44","author":"G Oliva","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00201-7","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> spp. infection in clinically healthy dogs with polymerase chain reaction and serology in Greece","volume":"109","author":"LS Leontides","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.273","article-title":"Canine leishmaniasis: identification of asymptomatic carriers by polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting","volume":"55","author":"F Berrahal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1086\/344733","article-title":"Seroconversion against <italic>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/italic> saliva concurrent with the development of anti-<italic>Leishmania chagasi<\/italic> delayed-type hypersensitivity","volume":"186","author":"RB Gomes","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.06.021","article-title":"Humoral immunological profile and parasitological statuses of Leishmune<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> vaccinated and visceral leishmaniasis infected dogs from an endemic area","volume":"173","author":"IFG Amorim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00294-3","article-title":"Long lasting protection against canine kala-azar using the FML-QuilA saponin vaccine in an endemic area of Brazil (S\u00e3o Gon\u00e7alo do Amaranto, RN)","volume":"20","author":"GP Borja-Cabrera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.07.001","article-title":"Failure of a multi-subunit recombinant leishmanial vaccine (MML) to protect dogs from <italic>Leishmania infantum<\/italic> infection and to prevent disease progression in infected animals","volume":"23","author":"L Gradoni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000484","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000484","article-title":"Vector transmission of Leishmania abrogates vaccine-induced protective immunity","volume":"5","author":"NC Peters","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Path"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-483R.1","article-title":"Transplacental transmission of a North American isolates of <italic>Leishmania infantum<\/italic> in an experimentally infected beagle","volume":"91","author":"AC Rosypal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00552-0","article-title":"<italic>Leishmania<\/italic> (<italic>Leishmania<\/italic>) <italic>chagasi<\/italic> is not vertically transmitted in dogs","volume":"103","author":"HM Andrade","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1086\/315795","article-title":"Competence of the human host as a reservoir for <italic>Leishmania chagasi<\/italic>","volume":"182","author":"CH Costa","year":"2000","journal-title":"J infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.012","article-title":"Virulence evolution in response to vaccination: The case of malaria","volume":"26","author":"MJ Mackinnon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0185438","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T21:20:00Z","timestamp":1570137600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0185438"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Henk D. F. H.","family":"Schallig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,27]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0185438","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,27]]}}}