{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:05:16Z","timestamp":1792004716662,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]],"date-time":"2017-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey (US)","award":["RWO 184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RWO 184"]}]},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey (US)","award":["RWO 194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RWO 194"]}]},{"name":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department"},{"name":"Mule Deer Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]],"date-time":"2017-10-19T13:49:23Z","timestamp":1508420963000},"page":"e0186512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Endemic chronic wasting disease causes mule deer population decline in Wyoming"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Melia T.","family":"DeVivo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Edmunds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Kauffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brant A.","family":"Schumaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Binfet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry J.","family":"Kreeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan J.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann M.","family":"Sch\u00e4tzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd E.","family":"Cornish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-16.1.89","article-title":"Chronic wasting disease of captive mule deer: A spongiform encephalopathy","volume":"16","author":"E Williams","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-18.4.465","article-title":"Spongiform encephalopathy of Rocky Mountain elk","volume":"18","author":"E Williams","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589303000105","article-title":"Neuropathology of Chronic Wasting Disease of Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and Elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni)","volume":"30","author":"ES Williams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-5-530","article-title":"Chronic wasting disease","volume":"42","author":"ES Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-43.2.309","article-title":"A natural case of chronic wasting disease in a free-ranging moose (Alces alces shirasi)","volume":"43","author":"LA Baeten","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6801762","article-title":"Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie","volume":"216","author":"SB Prusiner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9605","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00635-07","article-title":"Efficient in vitro amplification of chronic wasting disease PrPRES","volume":"81","author":"TD Kurt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13363","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.23.13363","article-title":"Prions","volume":"95","author":"SB Prusiner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance. Chronology of significant events in the history of chronic wasting disease [Internet]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cwd-info.org\" xlink:type=\"simple\">www.cwd-info.org<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-40.2.320","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic wasting disease in captive white-tailed and mule deer","volume":"40","author":"MW Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-46.4.1086","article-title":"Estimating chronic wasting disease effects on mule deer recruitment and population growth","volume":"46","author":"J Dulberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.665","article-title":"Survival and population growth of a free-ranging elk population with a long history of exposure to chronic wasting disease","volume":"78","author":"RJ Monello","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Wildl Manage"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Edmunds DR. Chronic Wasting Disease Ecology and Epidemiology of White-tailed Deer in Wyoming. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Wyoming. 2013."},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Mule Deer Job Completion Report. Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA; 2010."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81077-0","article-title":"Low frequency of PrP genotype 225SF among free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) with chronic wasting disease","volume":"86","author":"JE Jewell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4019","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004019","article-title":"Lions and prions and deer demise","volume":"3","author":"MW Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Mountain lions prey selectively on prion-infected mule deer","author":"CE Krumm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-41.3.503","article-title":"Relative vulnerability of chronic wasting disease infected mule deer to vehicle collisions","volume":"41","author":"CE Krumm","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Mule Deer Job Completion Report [Internet]. 2014. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/wgfd.wyo.gov\/web2011\/Departments\/Wildlife\/pdfs\/JCR_SAGEGROUSE_20130006611.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/wgfd.wyo.gov\/web2011\/Departments\/Wildlife\/pdfs\/JCR_SAGEGROUSE_20130006611.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.2193\/2007-101","article-title":"Assessing the Helicopter and Net Gun as a Capture Technique for White-Tailed Deer","volume":"72","author":"SL Webb","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Wildl Manage"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Kreeger TJ, Arnemo JM. Handbook of wildlife chemical immobilization. Third. Broomfield, CO: Sunquest; 2007."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1638\/2007-0150.1","article-title":"Evaluation of intramuscular butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine and nasal oxygen insufflation for the chemical immobilization of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus","volume":"39","author":"PM Mich","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.2307\/3797579","article-title":"Notes on tooth development and wear for Rocky Mountain mule deer","volume":"21","author":"W Robinette","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Wildl Manage"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.2307\/3798521","article-title":"Age determination of deer by annular structure of dental cementum","volume":"27","author":"W Low","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Wildl Manage"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-10-2629","article-title":"Preclinical diagnosis of chronic wasting disease in captive mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) using tonsillar biopsy","volume":"83","author":"MA Wild","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870301500402","article-title":"Field validation and assessment of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting chronic wasting disease in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni)","volume":"15","author":"CP Hibler","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vet Diagnostic Investig"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.151.20.610","article-title":"Detection of PrP(CWD) in mule deer by immunohistochemistry of lymphoid tissues","volume":"151","author":"MW Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2307\/3801296","article-title":"Survival analysis in telemetry studies: the staggered entry design","volume":"53","author":"K Pollock","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Wildl Manage"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kleinbaum DG, Klein M. Survival Analysis: A self-learning text. Third. Gail M, Krickeberg K, Samet JM, Tsiatis A, Wong W, editors. New York, New York: Springer; 2012.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6646-9"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"183","article-title":"The study of population growth in organisms grouped by stages","volume":"35","author":"LP Lefkovitch","year":"1965","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Therneau TM. A package for survival analysis in R package versions 2.37\u20137. 2014; Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/r-forge.r-project.org\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/r-forge.r-project.org<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2014; Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.r-project.org\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.r-project.org\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2307\/2532037","article-title":"Estimation and analysis of survival distributions for radio-tagged animals","volume":"45","author":"K Pollock","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression models and life tables","volume":"34","author":"D Cox","year":"1972","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B"},{"key":"ref35","author":"WN Venables","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach","author":"KP Burnham","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4","volume":"67","author":"D Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Matrix Population Models: Construction, Analysis, and Interpretation","author":"H Caswell","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.2193\/2008-480","article-title":"Separating components of variation in survival of mule deer in Colorado","volume":"73","author":"P Lukacs","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Wildl Manage"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161127","article-title":"Chronic wasting disease drives population decline of white-tailed deer","volume":"11","author":"DR Edmunds","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Quantitative Conservation Biology: Theory and Practice of Population Viability Analysis","author":"WF Morris","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0140687","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140687","article-title":"Bayesian Modeling of Prion Disease Dynamics in Mule Deer Using Population Monitoring and Capture-Recapture Data","volume":"10","author":"C Geremia","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/mam.12002","article-title":"A review of the population dynamics of mule deer and black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus in North America","volume":"43","author":"TD Forrester","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mamm Rev"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19896","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019896","article-title":"Modeling routes of chronic wasting disease transmission: environmental prion persistence promotes deer population decline and extinction","volume":"6","author":"ES Almberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-36.4.676","article-title":"Epizootiology of chronic wasting disease in free-ranging cervids in Colorado and Wyoming","volume":"36","author":"MW Miller","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7589\/2013-10-274","article-title":"\u201cAtypical\u201d Chronic Wasting Disease in PRNP Genotype 225FF Mule Deer","volume":"50","author":"L Wolfe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"DeVivo MT. Chronic Wasting Disease Ecology and Epidemiology of Mule Deer in Wyoming. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Wyoming. 2015."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1890\/ES14-00013.1","article-title":"Chronic wasting disease model of genetic selection favoring prolonged survival in Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus)","volume":"5","author":"A Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1890\/11-0907.1","article-title":"Emerging prion disease drives host selection in a wildlife population","volume":"22","author":"SJ Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol Appl"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-47.1.78","article-title":"The role of predation in disease control: a comparison of selective and nonselective removal on prion disease dynamics in deer","volume":"47","author":"MA Wild","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"00","article-title":"CWD Prions Remain Infectious after Passage Through the Digestive System of Coyotes (Canis latrans)","volume":"6896","author":"TA Nichols","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prion"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.2193\/0022-541X(2006)70[546:DPAHVO]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Demographic patterns and harvest vulnerability of chronic wasting disease infected white-tailed deer in Wisconsin","volume":"70","author":"D a Grear","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Wildl Manage"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-41.2.275","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic wasting disease in free-ranging mule deer: spatial, temporal, and demographic influences on observed prevalence patterns","volume":"41","author":"MW Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"ref54","unstructured":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Mule Deer Job Completion Report. 2013; Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.portal.state.pa.us\/portal\/server.pt?open=514&objID=1883762&mode=2\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.portal.state.pa.us\/portal\/server.pt?open=514&amp;objID=1883762&amp;mode=2<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1644\/08-MAMM-A-030.1","article-title":"To twin or not to twin? Trade-offs in litter size and fawn survival in mule deer","volume":"90","author":"T Johnstone-Yellin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mammal"},{"key":"ref56","unstructured":"Wasley T. Mule deer population dynamics: issues and influences [Internet]. Reno, Nevada; 2004. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Mule+Deer:+Population+Dynamics:+Issues+and+Influences#0\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?hl=en&amp;btnG=Search&amp;q=intitle:Mule+Deer:+Population+Dynamics:+Issues+and+Influences#0<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1139\/z02-025","article-title":"Cougar predation and population growth of sympatric mule deer and white-tailed deer","volume":"80","author":"HS Robinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1803.110685","article-title":"Occurrence, transmission, and zoonotic potential of chronic wasting disease","volume":"18","author":"S Saunders","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.3996\/032014-JFWM-021","article-title":"Surveillance and Monitoring of White-Tailed Deer for Chronic Wasting Disease in the Northeastern United States: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":"5","author":"TS Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Fish Wildl Manag"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0186512","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T18:00:31Z","timestamp":1719511231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0186512"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Zabel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0186512","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]]}}}