{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T19:20:02Z","timestamp":1777317602185,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]],"date-time":"2017-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]],"date-time":"2017-11-03T17:39:42Z","timestamp":1509730782000},"page":"e0187408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A glimpse at the intricate mosaic of ethnicities from Mesopotamia: Paternal lineages of the Northern Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Syriacs, Turkmens and Yazidis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6932-7165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Serkan","family":"Dogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cemal","family":"Gurkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Dogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan Emin","family":"Balkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramazan","family":"Tunc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damla Kanliada","family":"Demirdov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nihad Ahmed","family":"Ameen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damir","family":"Marjanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"The World Factbook 2016","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781626370791","article-title":"Identity and Nation in Iraq","author":"S Kirmanj","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Concise Encyclopeida Of World History","author":"C Ramirez-Faria","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"The Kurds: A Concise History And Fact Book","author":"M Izady","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Iraq: People, history, politics","author":"G Stansfield","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"The Turkomans of Iraq as A Factor in Turkish Foreign Policy: Socio-Political and Demographic Perspectives","author":"HT Oguzlu","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1163\/157338410X12743419189306","article-title":"Genetic Affinity between the Armenian Yezidis and the Iraqi Kurds","volume":"14","author":"L Yepiskoposian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran & the Caucasus"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"39","article-title":"Evidence in Stone and Wood: The Assyrian\/Syriac History and Heritage of the Urmia Region in Iran, as Reconstructed from Epigraphic Evidence","author":"N Al-Jaeloo","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Iraq: A Country Study","author":"HC Metz","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.41.110306.130407","article-title":"Use of y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA population structure in tracing human migrations","volume":"41","author":"PA Underhill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2016.10.003","article-title":"Y-chromosomal haplogroup distribution in the Tuzla Canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina: A concordance study using four different in silico assignment algorithms based on Y-STR data","volume":"67","author":"S Dogan","year":"2016","journal-title":"HOMO\u2013J Comp Hum Biol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2005.04.002","article-title":"DNA Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG): an update of the recommendations on the use of Y-STRs in forensic analysis","volume":"157","author":"L Gusmao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2016.1207805","article-title":"Turkish Cypriot paternal lineages bear an autochthonous character and closest resemblance to those from neighbouring Near Eastern populations","volume":"44","author":"C Gurkan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2014.01.003","article-title":"Population genetics of 17 Y-STR markers in Turkish Cypriots from Cyprus","volume":"10","author":"K Terali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int Genet"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Molecular evolutionary genetics","author":"M Nei","year":"1987"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2007.01.017","article-title":"Y chromosome haplotype reference database (YHRD): update","volume":"1","author":"S Willuweit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/75.4.800","article-title":"A sharper Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance","volume":"75","author":"Y Hochberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msp312","article-title":"POPTREE2: Software for constructing population trees from allele frequency data and computing other population statistics with Windows interface","volume":"27","author":"N Takezaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0179474","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179474","article-title":"Y-chromosomal analysis of Greek Cypriots reveals a primarily common pre-Ottoman paternal ancestry with Turkish Cypriots","volume":"12","author":"A Heraclides","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13323-016-0032-8","article-title":"Y-chromosome phylogeographic analysis of the Greek-Cypriot population reveals elements consistent with Neolithic and Bronze Age settlements","volume":"7","author":"K Voskarides","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2010.177","article-title":"Influences of history, geography, and religion on genetic structure: the Maronites in Lebanon","volume":"19","author":"M Haber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-017-1770-2","article-title":"Genetic differentiation between upland and lowland populations shapes the Y-chromosomal landscape of West Asia","volume":"136","author":"O Balanovsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2014.04.008","article-title":"A global analysis of Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity for 23 STR loci","volume":"12","author":"J Purps","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int Genet"},{"issue":"38","key":"ref24","article-title":"Analysis of eleven Y-chromosomal STR markers in middle and south of Iraq","volume":"13","author":"HH Imad","year":"2014","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76748","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076748","article-title":"Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge","volume":"8","author":"J Di Cristofaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03176-z","article-title":"The Connection of the Genetic, Cultural and Geographic Landscapes of Transoxiana","volume":"7","author":"M Zhabagin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2011.52.703","article-title":"Haplotype frequencies of 17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat loci from the Cukurova region of Turkey","volume":"52","author":"A Serin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/09723757.2013.11886204","article-title":"Population data for 17 Y-STRs in samples from Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey","volume":"13","author":"F Ozbas-Gerceker","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"34","article-title":"Haplogroup prediction from Y-STR values using a Bayesian-allele-frequency approach","volume":"2","author":"TW Athey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Genet Geneal"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-017-1805-8","article-title":"Toward a consensus on SNP and STR mutation rates on the human Y-chromosome","volume":"136","author":"O Balanovsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2010.154","article-title":"Mutation rate estimates for 110 Y-chromosome STRs combining population and father-son pair data","volume":"19","author":"C Burgarella","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13323-015-0025-z","article-title":"Evaluating the Y chromosomal STR dating in deep-rooting pedigrees","volume":"6","author":"CC Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1086\/380911","article-title":"The effective mutation rate at Y chromosome short tandem repeats, with application to human population-divergence time","volume":"74","author":"LA Zhivotovsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2015.03.008","article-title":"Convergence of Y Chromosome STR Haplotypes from Different SNP Haplogroups Compromises Accuracy of Haplogroup Prediction","volume":"42","author":"CC Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Genet Genomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2010.535562","article-title":"Y chromosome diversity among the Iranian religious groups: a reservoir of genetic variation","volume":"38","author":"Z Lashgary","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2008.249","article-title":"Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in Southeast Europe","volume":"17","author":"V Battaglia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-003-1031-4","article-title":"Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia","volume":"114","author":"C Cinnioglu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54616","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054616","article-title":"Y-chromosome and mtDNA genetics reveal significant contrasts in affinities of modern Middle Eastern populations with European and African populations","volume":"8","author":"DA Badro","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41252","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041252","article-title":"Ancient migratory events in the Middle East: new clues from the Y-chromosome variation of modern Iranians","volume":"7","author":"V Grugni","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2010.01.016","article-title":"Y-chromosome and autosomal STR diversity in four proximate settlements in Central Anatolia","volume":"4","author":"YD Alakoc","year":"2010","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050228","article-title":"Human Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a Kurdish population sample","volume":"112","author":"C Brinkmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.2005.00174.x","article-title":"MtDNA and Y-chromosome variation in Kurdish groups","volume":"69","author":"I Nasidze","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stenersen M, Perchla D, Sovik E, Flones AG, Dupuy BM. Kurdish (Iraq) and Somalian population data for 15 autosomal and 9 Y-chromosomal STR loci. International Congress Series, Elsevier. 2004;1261:185\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5131(03)01823-5"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-11-288","article-title":"In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq","volume":"11","author":"N Al-Zahery","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2009.166","article-title":"The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations","volume":"18","author":"J Chiaroni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1086\/342096","article-title":"A genetic landscape reshaped by recent events: Y-chromosomal insights into central Asia","volume":"71","author":"T Zerjal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"God and Sheikh Adi Are Perfect: Sacred Poems and Religious Narratives from the Yezidi Tradition (Iranica) Harrassowitz","author":"PG Kreyenbroek","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0187408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,6]],"date-time":"2022-08-06T09:42:52Z","timestamp":1659778972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0187408"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Chuan-Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0187408","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]]}}}