{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T14:42:12Z","timestamp":1788705732455,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]],"date-time":"2017-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]],"date-time":"2017-11-03T13:38:29Z","timestamp":1509716309000},"page":"e0187423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Low dose naltrexone in multiple sclerosis: Effects on medication use. A quasi-experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3376-6761","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guttorm","family":"Raknes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Sm\u00e5brekke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"CD001333","article-title":"Oral naltrexone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence","volume":"4","author":"S Minozzi","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"CD001867","article-title":"Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence","volume":"12","author":"S R\u00f6sner","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"844","article-title":"Naltrexone\u2014high expectations to low dosages","volume":"131","author":"G Raknes","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"333","article-title":"Low-dose naltrexone for disease prevention and quality of life","volume":"72","author":"N Brown","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"721","article-title":"Low dose naltrexone therapy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"64","author":"YP Agrawal","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"2091","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of naltrexone in the management of alcohol dependence","volume":"16","author":"JC Garbutt","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"e25","article-title":"Treatment-resistant immune thrombocytopenic purpura associated with LDN use in a patient with MS","volume":"1","author":"O Torkildsen","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1783","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients on high-dose interferon beta","volume":"20","author":"C Larochelle","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"CureTogether. Multiple Sclerosis Infographic\u2014Treatment Effectiveness vs Popularity. 2017. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/curetogether.com\/multiple-sclerosis\/ig\/treatment-effectiveness-vs-popularity\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/curetogether.com\/multiple-sclerosis\/ig\/treatment-effectiveness-vs-popularity<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"145","article-title":"Pilot trial of low-dose naltrexone and quality of life in multiple sclerosis","volume":"68","author":"BA Cree","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"964","article-title":"The effect of low-dose naltrexone on quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"N Sharafaddinzadeh","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Long-term treatment with low dose naltrexone maintains stable health in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"2","author":"MD Ludwig","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Skard K. Unknown medicine LDN gives hope to thousands of patients. Tv2.no 2013. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.tv2.no\/a\/5316228\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.tv2.no\/a\/5316228<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"136","article-title":"A sudden and unprecedented increase in low dose naltrexone (LDN) prescribing in Norway. Patient and prescriber characteristics, and dispense patterns. A drug utilization cohort study","volume":"26","author":"G Raknes","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"685","article-title":"Low dose naltrexone and opioid consumption. A drug utilization cohort study based on data from the Norwegian prescription database","volume":"26","author":"G Raknes","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"129","article-title":"Establishment of the nationwide Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD)\u2013new opportunities for research in pharmacoepidemiology in Norway","volume":"18","author":"K Furu","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Norwegian Prescription Database. 2017- Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.fhi.no\/en\/hn\/health-registries\/norpd\/norwegian-prescription-database\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.fhi.no\/en\/hn\/health-registries\/norpd\/norwegian-prescription-database\/<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"96","article-title":"Pain associated with multiple sclerosis: systematic review and proposed classification","volume":"137","author":"AB O\u2019Connor","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"234","article-title":"Practical Statistics for Medical Research","author":"DG Altman","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Statistics from the Norwegian Prescription Database. 2017. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.norpd.no\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.norpd.no\/<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Patient Right Act, 1999. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/lovdata.no\/all\/nl-19990702-063.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/lovdata.no\/all\/nl-19990702-063.html<\/ext-link>."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0187423","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T19:40:40Z","timestamp":1588966840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0187423"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dermot","family":"Cox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0187423","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]]}}}