{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T09:05:44Z","timestamp":1754557544687,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["H2020-MSCA-IF-2015, 706318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020-MSCA-IF-2015, 706318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Danish National Research Foundation for support to CMEC","award":["DNRF96"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DNRF96"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation Flanders (FWO)","award":["12E6616N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12E6616N"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation Flanders (FWO)","award":["11L7514N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11L7514N"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T22:05:58Z","timestamp":1510092358000},"page":"e0187640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Salmonella Typhimurium DT193 and DT99 are present in great and blue tits in Flanders, Belgium"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6528-4644","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"R.","family":"Boonyarittichaikij","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Verbrugghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Dekeukeleire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"De Beelde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. O.","family":"Rouffaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Haesendonck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Strubbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Mattheus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Pasmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Bonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Verheyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Lens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Martel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The European Union Summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses: zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2014","volume":"13","year":"2015","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01885-10","article-title":"Diversity of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica strains associated with cattle at harvest in the United States","volume":"77","author":"DM Brichta-Harhay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8139","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00131-11","article-title":"Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis supports the presence of host-adapted Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains in the British garden bird population","volume":"77","author":"B Lawson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar Typhimurium Strain Associated with a Songbird Outbreak","author":"SM Hernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2013.703-708","article-title":"Animal salmonelloses: a brief review of&quot; host adaptation and host specificity&quot; of Salmonella spp","volume":"6","author":"G Evangelopoulou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary World"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.11.001","article-title":"A study of Salmonella in pigs from birth to carcass: Serotypes, genotypes, antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles","volume":"160","author":"DJ Bolton","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Food Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.7589\/2013-10-277","article-title":"Reptile reservoirs and seasonal variation in the environmental presence of salmonella in an island ecosystem, Stephens Island, New Zealand","volume":"50","author":"DM Middleton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1179\/acb.2004.022","article-title":"Antimicrobial drug resistance in nontyphoid human Salmonella in Belgium: trends for the period 2000\u20132002","volume":"59","author":"I Wybo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Clinica Belgica"},{"year":"2016","author":"L Horvath","article-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","key":"ref9"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009522","article-title":"Epidemiology of Salmonella typhimurium O: 4\u201312 Infection in Norway Evidence of Transmission from an Avian Wildlife Reservoir","volume":"147","author":"G Kapperud","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","first-page":"54","article-title":"Salmonellosis in songbirds in the Canadian Atlantic provinces during winter-summer 1997\u201398","volume":"41","author":"P-Y Daoust","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.2307\/1593019","article-title":"Fecal shedding and antimicrobial susceptibility of selected bacterial pathogens and a survey of intestinal parasites in free-living waterfowl","author":"D Fallacara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2002.36306","article-title":"An epidemic of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Typhimurium DT160 in wild birds and humans in New Zealand","volume":"50","author":"M Alley","year":"2002","journal-title":"New Zealand Veterinary Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.5.2249-2255.2002","article-title":"Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and its host-adapted variants","volume":"70","author":"W Rabsch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"year":"2004","author":"I Tizard","article-title":"Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine","key":"ref15"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2010.02918.x","article-title":"Multi\u2010locus sequence typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from wild birds in northern England suggests host\u2010adapted strain","volume":"51","author":"L Hughes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Letters in Applied Microbiology"},{"issue":"1\u201010","key":"ref17","first-page":"320","article-title":"Salmonella Contamination of the Environment and its Incidence in Wild Birds","volume":"41","author":"A \u0108\u00ed\u1e91ek","year":"1994","journal-title":"Zoonoses and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-39.1.64","article-title":"Epidemiologic and pathologic aspects of Salmonella typhimurium infection in passerine birds in Norway","volume":"39","author":"T Refsum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985812465328","article-title":"Epidemic of salmonellosis in passerine birds in Switzerland with spillover to domestic cats","volume":"50","author":"S Giovannini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Pathology Online"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.11.1571","article-title":"Salmonella penetration of egg shells and proliferation in broiler hatching eggs\u2014a review","volume":"79","author":"N Cox","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899004379","article-title":"Host adapted serotypes of Salmonella enterica","volume":"125","author":"S Uzzau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0906.030072","article-title":"Salmonella in Birds Migrating through Sweden","volume":"9","author":"J Hernandez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1139\/Z08-089","article-title":"Antibodies against Salmonella is associated with reduced reproductive success in female alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra)","volume":"86","author":"M Pioz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Zoology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2012.01462.x","article-title":"Wild birds as sentinels for multiple zoonotic pathogens along an urban to rural gradient in greater Chicago, Illinois","volume":"59","author":"S Hamer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zoonoses and Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2012.01542.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of subclinical salmonellosis in wild birds from an area of high prevalence of pig salmonellosis: phenotypic and genetic profiles of Salmonella isolates","volume":"60","author":"S Andr\u00e9s","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zoonoses and Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0155366","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155366","article-title":"House Sparrows Do Not Constitute a Significant Salmonella Typhimurium Reservoir across Urban Gradients in Flanders, Belgium","volume":"11","author":"LO Rouffaer","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000055360","article-title":"Coevolution of hosts and parasites","volume":"85","author":"RM Anderson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.5.2720-2727.2000","article-title":"The shdA Gene Is Restricted to Serotypes ofSalmonella enterica Subspecies I and Contributes to Efficient and Prolonged Fecal Shedding","volume":"68","author":"RA Kingsley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Tree species identity outweighs the effects of tree species diversity and forest fragmentation on understorey diversity and composition","author":"R.E Stefanie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accepted in Plant Ecology and Evolution"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2009.17643.x","article-title":"New perspectives for estimating body condition from mass\/length data: the scaled mass index as an alternative method","volume":"118","author":"J Peig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.09.017","article-title":"Feral pigeons: A reservoir of zoonotic Salmonella Enteritidis strains?","volume":"195","author":"R Haesendonck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2004.06.014","article-title":"Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium using PCR multiplexing and multicolor capillary electrophoresis","volume":"59","author":"B-A Lindstedt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Microbiological Methods"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84055","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084055","article-title":"MLVA as a tool for public health surveillance of human Salmonella Typhimurium: prospective study in Belgium and evaluation of MLVA loci stability","volume":"8","author":"V Wuyts","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"year":"2015","article-title":"A language and environment for statistical computing","key":"ref34"},{"year":"2014","author":"D Bates","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","key":"ref35"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1987.tb15182.x","article-title":"Assessment by ELISA of passively acquired protection against infectious bursal disease virus in chickens","volume":"64","author":"K Fahey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Australian Veterinary Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.2000-2002.2004","article-title":"Assessment of virulence of pigeon isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium variant Copenhagen for humans","volume":"42","author":"F Pasmans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5595","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.11.5595-5599.2002","article-title":"Salmonellae in avian wildlife in Norway from 1969 to 2000","volume":"68","author":"T Refsum","year":"2002","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2307\/1588367","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of paratyphoid infection in pigeons","volume":"9","author":"GP Faddoul","year":"1965","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03425.x","article-title":"Salmonella typhimurium DT 193: differentiation of an epidemic phage type by antibiogram, plasmid profile, plasmid fingerprint and Salmonella plasmid virulence (spv) gene probe","volume":"78","author":"M Hampton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Bacteriology"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref41","first-page":"19580","article-title":"Multiresistant Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5], 12: i:-in Europe: a new pandemic strain? Euro surveillance: bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles","volume":"15","author":"K Hopkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Communicable Disease Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2010.02.001","article-title":"Characterisation of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium 4,[5], 12: i:-DT193 strains carrying a novel genomic island adjacent to the thrW tRNA locus","volume":"300","author":"S Tr\u00fcpschuch","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-202","article-title":"Tetracycline accelerates the temporally-regulated invasion response in specific isolates of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium","volume":"13","author":"BW Brunelle","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2013.822469","article-title":"Infection of chickens with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium DT193 and monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium-like variants: an emerging risk to the poultry industry?","volume":"42","author":"B Parsons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Avian Pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.10.013","article-title":"Salmonella persistence and transmission strategies","volume":"15","author":"DM Monack","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Microbiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.6.1446-1453.1998","article-title":"IroN, a novel outer membrane siderophore receptor characteristic of Salmonella enterica","volume":"180","author":"AJ B\u00e4umler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2015.23","article-title":"Emergence of host-adapted Salmonella enteritidis through rapid evolution in an immunocompromised host","volume":"1","author":"EJ Klemm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Microbiology"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195313802.001.0001","article-title":"Field Epidemiology","author":"MB Gregg","year":"2008"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4079","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1672","article-title":"Disentangling host, pathogen, and environmental determinants of a recently emerged wildlife disease: lessons from the first 15 years of amphibian chytridiomycosis research","volume":"5","author":"TY James","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecology and Evolution"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0187640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T08:13:22Z","timestamp":1603268002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0187640"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jo\u00ebl","family":"Mossong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0187640","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]]}}}