{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T15:09:01Z","timestamp":1781708941800,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]],"date-time":"2017-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FWF (Horos doctoral Program) Innsbruck","award":["W1253-B24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W1253-B24"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004409","name":"Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur, de la Recherche Scientifique et des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]],"date-time":"2017-11-17T18:27:10Z","timestamp":1510943230000},"page":"e0188325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Epidemiology and clinical profile of pathogens responsible for the hospitalization of children in Sousse area, Tunisia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1733-6884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ines","family":"Brini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naila","family":"Hannachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihene","family":"Bouguila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Orth-H\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Bouhlel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamia","family":"Boughamoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Hetzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wegene","family":"Borena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britta","family":"Schiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothee","family":"Von Laer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jalel","family":"Boukadida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heribert","family":"Stoiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)80107-2","article-title":"Global progress in infectious disease control","volume":"16","author":"AR Hinman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00170-0","article-title":"Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections","volume":"2","author":"BG Williams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.1997.tb00464.x","article-title":"Atypical respiratory pathogens","volume":"3","author":"P Saikku","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011994","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia in children","volume":"346","author":"K McIntosh","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-39-22","article-title":"Virological and clinical characterizations of respiratory infections in hospitalized children","volume":"39","author":"S Bicer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"issue":"9875","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61901-1","article-title":"Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: a systematic analysis","volume":"381","author":"H Nair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S284","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir043","article-title":"Viral infections of the lower respiratory tract: old viruses, new viruses, and the role of diagnosis","volume":"52","author":"AT Pavia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.6.1579-1581.1997","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of rapid diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients","volume":"35","author":"PC Woo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00037-07","article-title":"Detection of respiratory viruses by molecular methods","volume":"21","author":"JB Mahony","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881500151X","article-title":"A comparison of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus WHO-defined severe pneumonia in Moroccan children","volume":"144","author":"I Jroundi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmu010","article-title":"The epidemiology and aetiology of infections in children admitted with clinical severe pneumonia to a university hospital in Rabat, Morocco","volume":"60","author":"I Jroundi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"ref12","first-page":"197","article-title":"Acute respiratory infections of viral origin in the children of Algiers, Algeria based on a seroepidemiological study","volume":"41","author":"Z Kadi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Roum Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2011.00196.x","article-title":"Clinical features, complications and mortality in critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) in Sfax,Tunisia","volume":"5","author":"H Damak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-014-0719-0","article-title":"Multiplex RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence assays for detection and subtyping of human influenza virus in Tunisia","volume":"70","author":"M Ben M'hadheb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2009.140378","article-title":"Family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections, Tunisia, 2013","volume":"20","author":"F Abroug","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1179\/027249304225018966","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical presentation of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a Tunisian neonatal unit from 2000 to 2002","volume":"24","author":"I Fodha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21026","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized infants: association between viral load, virus subgroup, and disease severity","volume":"79","author":"I Fodha","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20038","article-title":"Epidemiological and antigenic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalised Tunisian children, from 2000 to 2002","volume":"72","author":"I Fodha","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1179\/027249304225019055","article-title":"Detection of human metapneumovirus in two Tunisian children","volume":"24","author":"I Fodha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74064","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074064","article-title":"Virological Surveillance of Influenza Viruses during the 2008\u201309, 2009\u201310 and 2010\u201311 Seasons in Tunisia","volume":"8","author":"A El Moussi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1553-1558.2001","article-title":"Simultaneous detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in suspected cases of meningitis and septicemia using real-time PCR","volume":"39","author":"CE Corless","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0147041","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147041","article-title":"Aetiology of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalised Children in Cyprus","volume":"11","author":"J Richter","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref23","first-page":"1348","article-title":"Viral etiology of respiratory infections in children in southwestern Saudi Arabia using multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction","volume":"35","author":"MS Al-Ayed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.10.029","article-title":"Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of respiratory tract infections","volume":"41","author":"R Brittain-Long","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21610","article-title":"Viral causes of influenza-like illness: Insight from a study during the winters 2004\u20132007","volume":"81","author":"S Puzelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-276","article-title":"Diagnostic value of respiratory virus detection in symptomatic children using real-time PCR","volume":"9","author":"EG Huijskens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31818ffc1b","article-title":"Rhinovirus associated with severe lower respiratory tract infections in children","volume":"28","author":"JK Louie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21823","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinoviruses are the major causes of severe lower respiratory tract infections in Kuwait","volume":"82","author":"M Khadadah","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Immune and inflammatory response in bronchiolitis due to respiratory Syncytial Virus and Rhinovirus infections in infants","author":"S Vandini","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20725","article-title":"Comparison of multiplex PCR assays and conventional techniques for the diagnostic of respiratory virus infections in children admitted to hospital with an acute respiratory illness","volume":"78","author":"F Freymuth","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000172942.96436.2d","article-title":"Clinical presentation and characteristics of pharyngeal adenovirus infections","volume":"24","author":"O Dominguez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2011.12.008","article-title":"Structure of Human Adenovirus","volume":"2","author":"GR Nemerow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72606","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072606","article-title":"Viral etiology and clinical profiles of children with severe acute respiratory infections in China","volume":"8","author":"C Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96674","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096674","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children in Guangzhou: a three-year study","volume":"9","author":"WK Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"347","article-title":"Populations at risk for severe or complicated influenza illness: systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"D Mertz","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0136526","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136526","article-title":"Viral Co-Infections in Pediatric Patients Hospitalized with Lower Tract Acute Respiratory Infections","volume":"10","author":"M Cebey-L\u00f3pez","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31815b4935","article-title":"The impact of dual viral infection in infants admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit associated with severe bronchiolitis","volume":"27","author":"N Richard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31828ba08c","article-title":"Does respiratory virus coinfection increases the clinical severity of acute respiratory infection among children infected with respiratory syncytial virus?","volume":"32","author":"Y Harada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.08.010","article-title":"Mixed respiratory virus infections","volume":"43","author":"G Paranhos-Baccal\u00e0","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18176","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018176","article-title":"Viral etiologies of acute respiratory infections among hospitalized Vietnamese children in Ho Chi Minh City, 2004\u20132008","volume":"6","author":"AHL Do","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01414-07","article-title":"Epidemiological, molecular, and clinical features of enterovirus respiratory infections in French children between 1999 and 2005","volume":"46","author":"J Jacques","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2009.00120.x","article-title":"An early report from newly established laboratory-based influenza surveillance in Lao PDR","volume":"4","author":"P Vongphrachanh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0167725","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167725","article-title":"Increased Nasopharyngeal Density and Concurrent Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis Are Associated with Pneumonia in Febrile Children","volume":"11","author":"S Chochua","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816001461","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in young children in Greenland: a population at high risk of respiratory infections","volume":"144","author":"JE Navne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.1472_1.x","article-title":"The prevalence of penicillin-non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae among children aged &lt; 5 years correlates with the biannual epidemic activity of respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"12","author":"K Muhlemann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2014.0084","article-title":"Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of invasive and noninvasive pneumococcal isolates in Tunisia","volume":"21","author":"M Marzouk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0188325","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T03:07:41Z","timestamp":1603336061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0188325"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Baochuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0188325","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]]}}}