{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T06:55:41Z","timestamp":1782197741125,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EraNet"},{"name":"EVO"},{"name":"University of Helsinki Research Funds"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004325","name":"Signe ja Ane Gyllenbergin S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004756","name":"Emil Aaltosen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008723","name":"Suomen L\u00e4\u00e4ketieteen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004012","name":"Jane ja Aatos Erkon S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki ja Sakari Sohlbergin S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9liuksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000282","name":"Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000282","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T21:12:09Z","timestamp":1513890729000},"page":"e0190248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Maternal depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy are associated with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in their 3- to 6-year-old children"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4461-6256","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elina","family":"Wolford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Lahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soile","family":"Tuovinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"Lahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"Lipsanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katri","family":"Savolainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kati","family":"Heinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esa","family":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eero","family":"Kajantie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anu-Katriina","family":"Pesonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia M.","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannele","family":"Laivuori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca M.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katri","family":"R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-012-0135-8","article-title":"The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review","volume":"9","author":"EG Willcutt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e994","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3482","article-title":"Prevalence of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"R Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.016","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"HE Erskine","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9983","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61684-6","article-title":"Mortality in children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"385","author":"S Dalsgaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"44","key":"ref5","first-page":"2006","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of parent-reported attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder among children: United States, 2003 and 2007","volume":"59","year":"2010","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0553-8","article-title":"The increasing prevalence of reported diagnoses of childhood psychiatric disorders: a descriptive multinational comparison","volume":"24","author":"HO Atladottir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10026","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30054-X","article-title":"Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants","volume":"387","author":"M Di Cesare","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1298","article-title":"In utero exposure to ischemic-hypoxic conditions and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"131","author":"D Getahun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.784","article-title":"Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus and low socioeconomic status","volume":"166","author":"Y Nomura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803741","article-title":"Maternal adiposity prior to pregnancy is associated with ADHD symptoms in offspring: evidence from three prospective pregnancy cohorts","volume":"32","author":"A Rodriguez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.2107","article-title":"Preterm birth and mortality and morbidity: a population-based quasi-experimental study","volume":"70","author":"BM D\u2019Onofrio","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08010085","article-title":"Very low birth weight and behavioral symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in young adulthood: the Helsinki study of very-low-birth-weight adults","volume":"165","author":"S Strang-Karlsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01661.x","article-title":"Small body size at birth and behavioural symptoms of ADHD in children aged five to six years","volume":"47","author":"J Lahti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Prenatal developmental origins of behavior and mental health: The influence of maternal stress in pregnancy","author":"BRH Van den Bergh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2013.08.017","article-title":"Maternal depression, anxiety and stress during pregnancy and child outcome; what needs to be done","volume":"28","author":"V Glover","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.007","article-title":"Maternal depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy and psychiatric problems in children","volume":"56","author":"M Lahti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000116689.75396.5f","article-title":"Prevalence of depression during pregnancy: systematic review","volume":"103","author":"HA Bennett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31817e18c0","article-title":"Mothers of children diagnosed with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: health conditions and medical care utilization in periods before and after birth of the child","volume":"47","author":"GT Ray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12023","article-title":"Parental depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and attention problems in children: a cross-cohort consistency study","volume":"54","author":"T Van Batenburg-Eddes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-013-9766-4","article-title":"Associations between maternal mental health and child emotional and behavioral problems: does prenatal mental health matter?","volume":"42","author":"JA Leis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000170","article-title":"Obesity and Mental Disorders During Pregnancy and Postpartum A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"E Molyneaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obs Gynecolology"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms & profiles","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Conners\u2019 rating scales\u2014revised (CRS-R)","author":"CK Conners","year":"2001"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.01214.x","article-title":"The Conners\u2019 10-item scale: findings in a total population of Swedish 10-11-year-old children","volume":"98","author":"J Westerlund","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/108705479600100105","article-title":"Abbreviated Conners\u2019 rating scales revisited: a confirmatory factor analytic study","volume":"1","author":"JD a. Parker","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dyw154","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw154","article-title":"Prediction and prevention of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (PREDO) study","author":"P Girchenko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15046.x","article-title":"ADHD, DAMP and other neurodevelopmental\/psychiatric disorders in 6-year-old children: epidemiology and comorbidity","volume":"38","author":"M Landgren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"LS Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Manual for the Beck depression inventory-II","author":"A Beck","year":"1996"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12051","article-title":"How to measure prenatal stress? A systematic review of psychometric instruments to assess psychosocial stress during pregnancy","volume":"27","author":"I Nast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Manual for the ASEBA adult forms & profiles","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879","article-title":"Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models","volume":"40","author":"KJ Preacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/bmsp.12028","article-title":"Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable","volume":"67","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Math Stat Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01809.x","article-title":"The origins of the developmental origins theory","volume":"261","author":"DJP Barker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does prenatal stress alter the developing connectome?","author":"D Scheinost","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37758","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037758","article-title":"Impaired executive function mediates the association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and child ADHD symptoms","volume":"7","author":"C Buss","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171400316X","article-title":"Maternal depressive symptoms throughout pregnancy are associated with increased placental glucocorticoid sensitivity","volume":"45","author":"RM Reynolds","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww172","article-title":"Maternal licorice consumption during pregnancy and pubertal, cognitive and psychiatric outcomes in children","author":"K R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Relationships among prenatal depression, plasma cortisol, and inflammatory cytokines","volume":"17","author":"M Shelton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Res Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12500","article-title":"Antenatal interventions to reduce maternal distress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"121","author":"YJ Fontein-Kuipers","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0190248","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T19:21:47Z","timestamp":1589829707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0190248"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marianna","family":"Mazza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0190248","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]}}}