{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T04:36:08Z","timestamp":1793075768295,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD058831-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD058831-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2CHD041025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2CHD041025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T18:32:30Z","timestamp":1518028350000},"page":"e0191591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Diagnostic pathways and direct medical costs incurred by new adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients prior to anti-tuberculosis treatment \u2013 Tamil Nadu, India"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Karun Sandeep","family":"Veesa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamalabhai Russell","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick K.","family":"Moonan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saravanakumar Puthupalayam","family":"Kaliappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Manjunath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karuna D.","family":"Sagili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinnappareddy","family":"Ravichandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep Aravindan","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrakumar","family":"Dolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Luke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaivan","family":"Munshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuryan","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shantidani","family":"Minz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Tuberculosis, Fact sheet, reviewed March 2017","volume":"6","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"30","article-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2016","volume":"6","year":"2017"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30259-6","article-title":"The number of privately treated tuberculosis cases in India: an estimation from drug sales data","volume":"16","author":"N Arinaminpathy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","first-page":"87","article-title":"India\u2019s Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme: looking beyond detection and cure","volume":"12","author":"A Kelkar-Khambete","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0186","article-title":"Quality of tuberculosis care in India: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"S Satyanarayana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-357","article-title":"Private patient perceptions about a public programme; what do private Indian tuberculosis patients really feel about directly observed treatment?","volume":"10","author":"LM Pinto","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref7","first-page":"789","article-title":"Factors associated with patient and health system delays in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in South India","volume":"6","author":"R Rajeswari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","first-page":"161","article-title":"Health-seeking behaviour of new smear-positive TB patients under a DOTS programme in Tamil Nadu, India, 2003","volume":"11","author":"JM Selvam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref9","first-page":"1281","article-title":"Costs incurred by patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in rural India","volume":"13","author":"KR John","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00193413","article-title":"Financial burden for tuberculosis patients in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"T Tanimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","first-page":"1243","article-title":"Tuberculosis: Past, Present and Future","volume":"4","author":"H Taghizade Moghaddam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"The Official website of Vellore District, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2017; 6: 30. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/vellore.nic.in\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/vellore.nic.in\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"30","article-title":"WHO-EM.Diagnostic and treatment delay in tuberculosis, 2006","volume":"6","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Central Tuberculosis Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Technical and operational guidelines for tuberculosis control, Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme. New Delhi: Government of India"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"National Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Control 2017\u20132023, Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme. New Delhi: Central Tuberculosis Division, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare, Government of India; 2016. 2017; 7: 19. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/tbcindia.gov.in\/WriteReadData\/NSP%20Draft%2020.02.2017%201.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/tbcindia.gov.in\/WriteReadData\/NSP%20Draft%2020.02.2017%201.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01010.x","article-title":"Factors influencing the care-seeking behaviour of chest symptomatics: a community-based study involving rural and urban population in Tamil Nadu, South India","volume":"8","author":"G Sudha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health TM IH"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12379","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012379","article-title":"Care Seeking Behavior of Chest Symptomatics: A Community Based Study Done in South India after the Implementation of the RNTCP","volume":"5","author":"N Charles","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","first-page":"87","article-title":"Reasons for patient delays &amp; health system delays for tuberculosis in south India","volume":"23","author":"K Goel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Community Health"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Bawankule S, Quazi SZ, Gaidhane A, Khatib N. Delay in DOTS for new pulmonary tuberculosis patient from rural area of Wardha District, India [Internet]. Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences. 2010 [cited 2017 Jul 1]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/cogprints.org\/6991\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/cogprints.org\/6991\/<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref20","first-page":"1113","article-title":"Public-private mix for DOTS: demanding, but delay will only hamper TB control","volume":"7","author":"MW Uplekar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e 96912","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096912","article-title":"A care pathway analysis of tuberculosis patients in Benin: Highlights on direct costs and critical stages for an evidence-based decision-making","volume":"9","author":"S Laokri","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.01.046","article-title":"The economic burden of TB diagnosis and treatment in South Africa","volume":"130","author":"N Foster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref23","first-page":"928","article-title":"Cost of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment from the patient perspective in Lusaka, Zambia","volume":"12","author":"A Aspler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-173","article-title":"Cost implications of delays to tuberculosis diagnosis among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"MM Mesfin","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.13.0585","article-title":"Delays in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in India: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"CT Sreeramareddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","article-title":"Delays in Tuberculosis Treatment and Associated Factors in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia","volume":"19","author":"A Tegegn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27","first-page":"37","article-title":"Delay in diagnosis and treatment among TB patients registered under RNTCP Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India, 2010","volume":"60","author":"R Thakur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Dhanvij P, Joshi R, Kalantri S. Delay in diagnosis of tuberculosis in patient\u2019s presenting to a tertiary care hospital in rural central India. [cited 2017 Jun 17]; Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/medind.nic.in\/jaw\/t09\/i2\/jawt09i2p56.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/medind.nic.in\/jaw\/t09\/i2\/jawt09i2p56.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2240-0","article-title":"Factors associated with the length of delay with tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment among adult tuberculosis patients attending at public health facilities in Gondar town, Northwest, Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"S Bogale","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"5120841","article-title":"Factors Associated with Treatment Delay among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Public and Private Health Facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"2017","author":"GS Adenager","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tuberc Res Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1995-z","article-title":"Patients\u2019 and health system\u2019s delays in the diagnosis and treatment of new pulmonary tuberculosis patients in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"SB Gebreegziabher","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref32","first-page":"112","article-title":"Impact of advocacy on the tuberculosis management practices of private practitioners in Chennai City, India","volume":"13","author":"N Krishnan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33","first-page":"97","article-title":"Intensified scale-up of public-private mix: a systems approach to tuberculosis care and control in India","volume":"15","author":"SS Lal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref34","first-page":"70","article-title":"Economic evaluation of public-private mix for tuberculosis care and control, India. Part II. Cost and cost-effectiveness","volume":"13","author":"A Pantoja","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0191591","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T14:39:22Z","timestamp":1589035162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0191591"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David W.","family":"Dowdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0191591","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]]}}}