{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:02:56Z","timestamp":1789495376008,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute Core Budget","award":["AHRI receives core support from Sida, Norad and the Government of Ethiopia"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHRI receives core support from Sida, Norad and the Government of Ethiopia"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T18:56:53Z","timestamp":1518721013000},"page":"e0193083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Molecular epidemiology and drug sensitivity pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in and around Ambo Town, Central Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3101-3926","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Melaku","family":"Tilahun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gobena","family":"Ameni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassu","family":"Desta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aboma","family":"Zewude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Yamuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markos","family":"Abebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Aseffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2016. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/en\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/en\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed 1 May 2017."},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Guidelines on Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Ethiopia","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03577.x","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of multidrugresistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"17","author":"W Sougakoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Epidemiology of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)","author":"DN Magana-Arachchi","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-131","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Northwest Ethiopia: new phylogenetic lineages found in Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"B Tessema","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC infectious diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-37","article-title":"Analysis of gene mutations associated with isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"B Tessema","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC infectious diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-462","article-title":"Epidemiology of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance patterns and trends in tuberculosis referral hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"D Abate","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC research notes"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref8","first-page":"791","article-title":"Drug susceptibility test on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in three sites of Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"B Hussein","year":"2013","journal-title":"African Journal of Microbiology Research"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global laboratory initiative advancing TB diagnosis. Mycobacteriology Laboratory Manual. Stop TB partnership; First Edition, April 2014."},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"2339","article-title":"Rapid and simple approach for identification of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic> complex isolates by PCR-based genomic deletion analysis","volume":"40","author":"LM Parsons","year":"2002","journal-title":"J ClinMicrobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.4.907-914.1997","article-title":"Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology","volume":"35","author":"J Kamerbeek","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.02.010","article-title":"TB-Lineage. An online tool for classification and analysis of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex","volume":"12","author":"A Shabbeer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Guideline for surveillance of drug resistance in tuberculosis","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-512","article-title":"A 24-well plate assay for simultaneous testing of first and second line drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a high endemic setting","volume":"7","author":"W Wedajo","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC research notes"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/238532","article-title":"Strain diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in afar pastoral region of Ethiopia","volume":"2014","author":"M Belay","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed research international"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(14)60792-1","article-title":"Spoligotyping of <italic>M<\/italic>. <italic>tuberculosis<\/italic> isolates from tuberculosis diagnosed patients at Dilla University Referral Hospital and other private clinics, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"G Gebrezgabiher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.4172\/2376-0311.1000102","article-title":"Genotyping and Drug Resistance Patterns of M. tuberculosis in Eastern Amhara region, Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"A Esmael","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0854","article-title":"Strain diversity of mycobacteria isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Debre Birhan Hospital, Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"L Garedew","year":"2013","journal-title":"The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref19","first-page":"339","article-title":"Modern lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: implications for the tuberculosis control programe","volume":"12","author":"A Mihret","year":"2013","journal-title":"African health sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-54","article-title":"Prevalence of pulmonary TB and spoligotype pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among TB suspects in a rural community in Southwest Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"A Deribew","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from tuberculosis patients in the Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania","author":"EV Mbugi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"02338","article-title":"The T2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotype, Predominant in Kampala-Uganda, Shows Negative Correlation with anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance","volume":"AAC","author":"D Lukoye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","article-title":"Primary Drug Resistant Tuberculosis","volume":"19","author":"M Kamal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Chest Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21149\/spm.v57i2.7414","article-title":"Primary drug resistance in a region with high burden of tuberculosis. A critical problem","volume":"57","author":"C Villa-Rosas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Salud P\u00fablica de M\u00e9xico"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2105-7","article-title":"Molecular typing and drug sensitivity testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated by a community-based survey in Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"M Getahun","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-225","article-title":"Relatively low primary drug resistant tuberculosis in southwestern Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"G Abebe","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC research notes"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/753492","article-title":"Prevalence and Drug Resistance Patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among New Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Ethiopia","volume":"2014","author":"B Seyoum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tuberculosis research and treatment"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0522","article-title":"First-and second-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"B Tessema","year":"2012","journal-title":"The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70763","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070763","article-title":"Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance among New and Previously Treated Sputum Smear-Positive Tuberculosis Patients in Uganda: Results of the First National Survey","volume":"8","author":"D Lukoye","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"141","key":"ref30","first-page":"2161","article-title":"Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tertiary Hospital South East, Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"N Uzoewulu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Microb Diagn"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.16.0286","article-title":"Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Ethiopia: systematic review","volume":"21","author":"S. Weldegebreal","year":"2017","journal-title":"The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1933-9","article-title":"Prevalence and drug resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending two public hospitals in East Gojjam zone, northwest Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"K Adane","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/215015","article-title":"Prevalence of Tuberculosis, Drug Susceptibility Testing, and Genotyping of Mycobacterial Isolates from Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Dessie, Ethiopia","volume":"2015","author":"M Maru","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tuberculosis Research and Treatment"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.09.0730","article-title":"Drug resistance among tuberculosis patients attending diagnostic and treatment centres in Makassar, Indonesia","volume":"15","author":"M Massi","year":"2011","journal-title":"The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82235","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082235","article-title":"Association between HIV\/AIDS and multi-drug resistance tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"YM Mesfin","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5561","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005561","article-title":"Is HIV infection a risk factor for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis? A systematic review","volume":"4","author":"S Suchindran","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0193083","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T05:52:09Z","timestamp":1603864329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0193083"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dipankar","family":"Chatterji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0193083","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]}}}