{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T02:24:33Z","timestamp":1773109473763,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vision for a Nation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T13:25:46Z","timestamp":1525181146000},"page":"e0193817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Population need for primary eye care in Rwanda: A national survey"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2079-7216","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tess","family":"Bright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Kuper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Macleod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Musendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Irunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L. Y.","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300539","article-title":"Global estimates of visual impairment: 2010","volume":"96","author":"D Pascolini","year":"2012","journal-title":"The British journal of ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e244","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050244","article-title":"A case-control study to assess the relationship between poverty and visual impairment from cataract in Kenya, the Philippines, and Bangladesh","volume":"5","author":"H Kuper","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"A GLOBAL INITIATIVE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF AVOIDABLE BLINDNESS","volume":"11","author":"B Thylefors","year":"1998","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.12.1731","article-title":"Global vision impairment due to uncorrected presbyopia","volume":"126","author":"BA Holden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2008.01711.x","article-title":"Functional presbyopia in a rural Kenyan population: the unmet presbyopic need","volume":"36","author":"JC Sherwin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"88","key":"ref6","first-page":"74","article-title":"The uncorrected refractive error challenge","volume":"27","author":"K Naidoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.8.897","article-title":"Blindness in Africa: present situation and future needs","volume":"85","author":"S Lewallen","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness. Spectacle Coverage Report 2017 [cited 2017 21\/04]. Available from: https:\/\/www.iapb.org\/resources\/global-action-plan-iapb-publications-and-papers-data-and-surveys-global-data\/spectacle<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300426","article-title":"Blindness and visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive error in sub-Saharan Africa: review of recent population-based studies","volume":"96","author":"JC Sherwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"The British journal of ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.164615","article-title":"Barriers to Cataract Surgery in Africa: A Systematic Review","volume":"23","author":"S Aboobaker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e104128","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104128","article-title":"Ocular Morbidity and Health Seeking Behaviour in Kwara State, Nigeria: Implications for Delivery of Eye Care Services","volume":"9","author":"L Senyonjo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness. Vision 2020: The Right to Sight 2017 [cited 2017 11\/10]. Available from: https:\/\/www.vision2020uk.org.uk\/<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1179\/136485910X12743554760225","article-title":"Primary eye care in sub-Saharan African: do we have the evidence needed to scale up training and service delivery?","volume":"104","author":"P Courtright","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.186890","article-title":"Evaluation of distribution of presbyopic correction through primary healthcare centres in Zanzibar, East Africa","volume":"95","author":"H Laviers","year":"2011","journal-title":"The British journal of ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6955-13-15","article-title":"A pilot study to evaluate incorporating eye care for children into reproductive and child health services in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania: a historical comparison study","volume":"13","author":"MM Mafwiri","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.79.5.506-a","article-title":"Traditional healers in primary eye care","volume":"79","author":"P Courtright","year":"1995","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"The World Bank. Rwanda 2017 [cited 2017 21\/04]. Available from: http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/rwanda<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02530.x","article-title":"Reaching rural Africans with eye care services: findings from primary eye care approaches in Rubavu District, Rwanda","volume":"15","author":"P Courtright","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tropical medicine & international health: TM & IH"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.143149","article-title":"Improving eye care in Rwanda","volume":"93","author":"A Binagwaho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (EICV) undated [cited 2017 05\/10]. Available from: http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.rw\/datasource\/integrated-household-living-conditions-survey-eicv<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(96)70135-5","article-title":"Interpretation of rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire data","volume":"98","author":"EF Juniper","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.1468","article-title":"Development and Validation of a Smartphone-Based Visual Acuity Test (Peek Acuity) for Clinical Practice and Community-Based Fieldwork","volume":"133","author":"A Bastawrous","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e888","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30293-0","article-title":"Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"RRA Bourne","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-311","article-title":"Visual impairment and spectacle coverage rate in Baoshan district, China: population-based study","volume":"13","author":"M Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"The Economist. Health care in Rwanda: An African trailblazer 2016 [cited 2017 13\/10]. Available from: https:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/middle-east-and-africa\/21707226-how-poor-country-brought-health-insurance-91-population-african<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Demographic and Health Survey. Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2016 [cited 2017 17\/05]. Available from: https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/FR316\/FR316.pdf<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Universal eye health: A global action plan 2014\u20132019 2013 [cited 2017 12\/05]. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/blindness\/actionplan\/en\/<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e217","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040217","article-title":"Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness in Western Rwanda: Blindness in a Postconflict Setting","volume":"4","author":"W Mathenge","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"RAAB repository. Rwanda\u20142015 2015 [cited 2017 18\/10]. Available from: http:\/\/raabdata.info\/study\/rwanda-2015\/<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0291","article-title":"Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in School Children in Rwanda and Its Association with Socio-Economic Status: A Population-Based Survey","volume":"85","author":"SD Smedt","year":"2011","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-015-0053-8","article-title":"Prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis among basic school children in the Kumasi Metropolis (Ghana): a community-based cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"DB Kumah","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.041210","article-title":"Global magnitude of visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive errors in 2004","volume":"86","author":"S Resnikoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2013.783082","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive error and spectacle coverage in Zoba Ma'ekel Eritrea: a rapid assessment of refractive error","volume":"20","author":"VF Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"63","key":"ref34","first-page":"40","article-title":"Presbyopia: prevalence, impact, and interventions","volume":"20","author":"I Patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.01.030","article-title":"Population-Based Study of Presbyopia in Rural Tanzania","volume":"113","author":"AG Burke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3154","article-title":"Presbyopic spectacle coverage, willingness to pay for near correction, and the impact of correcting uncorrected presbyopia in adults in Zanzibar, East Africa","volume":"51","author":"HR Laviers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-361","article-title":"Scaling up the delivery of refractive error services within a district health system: the KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa experience","volume":"13","author":"KS Naidoo","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0193817","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,20]],"date-time":"2018-10-20T10:55:28Z","timestamp":1540032928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0193817"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Der-Chong","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0193817","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]}}}