{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T16:46:53Z","timestamp":1776530813513,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL-124052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL-124052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HL-076122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL-076122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL-111745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL-111745"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99 HL-128944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99 HL-128944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00 HL128944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00 HL128944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T13:51:28Z","timestamp":1522245088000},"page":"e0193934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Alveolar leak develops by a rich-get-richer process in ventilator-induced lung injury"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Katharine L.","family":"Hamlington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason H. T.","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adele J.","family":"Julianelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chantel","family":"Charlebois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bela","family":"Suki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1583-6762","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bradford J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"ref1","first-page":"2526","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition","volume":"307","author":"ADT Force","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53934","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053934","article-title":"Combined effects of ventilation mode and positive end-expiratory pressure on mechanics, gas exchange and the epithelium in mice with acute lung injury","volume":"8","author":"A Thammanomai","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-3084(88)90063-1","article-title":"A biophysical mechanism by which plasma proteins inhibit lung surfactant activity","volume":"49","author":"BA Holm","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lipids"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542113","article-title":"Surfactant alterations in severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and cardiogenic lung edema","volume":"153","author":"A Gunther","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00466","article-title":"Linking Ventilator Injury-Induced Leak across the Blood-Gas Barrier to Derangements in Murine Lung Function","volume":"8","author":"BJ Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802053380602","article-title":"Effect of a protective-ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"338","author":"MB Amato","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-005-2817-8","article-title":"Ventilator-induced lung injury: from the bench to the bedside","volume":"32","author":"LN Tremblay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/137.5.1159","article-title":"High inflation pressure pulmonary edema. Respective effects of high airway pressure, high tidal volume, and positive end-expiratory pressure","volume":"137","author":"D Dreyfuss","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.suppl_1.9S-a","article-title":"Lung injury caused by mechanical ventilation","volume":"116","author":"AS Slutsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-010-0237-6","article-title":"Quantifying the roles of tidal volume and PEEP in the pathogenesis of ventilator-induced lung injury","volume":"39","author":"AS Seah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00270.2003","article-title":"Dynamic mechanical consequences of deep inflation in mice depend on type and degree of lung injury","volume":"96","author":"G Allen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00473.2002","article-title":"Transient mechanical benefits of a deep inflation in the injured mouse lung","volume":"93","author":"G Allen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.1.168","article-title":"Input impedance and peripheral inhomogeneity of dog lungs","volume":"72","author":"Z Hantos","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13778","article-title":"Protective mechanical ventilation in the non-injured lung: review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Y Sutherasan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-889OC","article-title":"Ventilator-induced cell wounding and repair in the intact lung","volume":"167","author":"O Gajic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Resp Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000605","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation induces neutrophil extracellular trap formation","volume":"122","author":"C Yildiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"257","article-title":"Methods in Cell Biology","volume":"113","author":"JP Schneider","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L15","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00429.2012","article-title":"Quantitative microscopy of the lung: a problem-based approach. Part 1: basic principles of lung stereology","volume":"305","author":"M Ochs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1580","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00483.2006","article-title":"The response to recruitment worsens with progression of lung injury and fibrin accumulation in a mouse model of acid aspiration","volume":"292","author":"GB Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.248001","article-title":"Flow Rate of Particles through Apertures Obtained from Self-Similar Density and Velocity Profiles","volume":"108","author":"A Janda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4259","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.104.047746","article-title":"The hydrodynamic radii of macromolecules and their effect on red blood cell aggregation","volume":"87","author":"JK Armstrong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5567","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509425103","article-title":"In vivo diffusion analysis with quantum dots and dextrans predicts the width of brain extracellular space","volume":"103","author":"RG Thorne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref23","author":"P Bak","year":"1996"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-007-9291-0","article-title":"A recruitment model of quasi-linear power-law stress adaptation in lung tissue","volume":"35","author":"JH Bates","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"5439","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509","article-title":"Emergence of scaling in random networks","volume":"286","author":"AL Barabasi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Phase transition in the rich-get-richer mechanism due to finite-size effects","volume":"41","author":"JP Bagrow","journal-title":"J Phys A: Math Theor"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3449","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2013.2267151","article-title":"Assessing the Progression of Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury in Mice","volume":"60","author":"BJ Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-012-0693-2","article-title":"Linking the development of ventilator-induced injury to mechanical function in the lung","volume":"41","author":"BJ Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-016-0085-2","article-title":"The 30-year evolution of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)","volume":"4","author":"SV Jain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.10.020","article-title":"Limiting ventilator-associated lung injury in a preterm porcine neonatal model","volume":"52","author":"M Kollisch-Singule","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00902.2014","article-title":"Predicting the response of the injured lung to the mechanical breath profile","volume":"118","author":"BJ Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00764.2002","article-title":"Mechanisms of surface-tension-induced epithelial cell damage in a model of pulmonary airway reopening","volume":"94","author":"AM Bilek","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01288.2003","article-title":"Pressure gradient, not exposure duration, determines the extent of epithelial cell damage in a model of pulmonary airway reopening","volume":"97","author":"SS Kay","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s12195-015-0426-3","article-title":"Modeling the Progression of Epithelial Leak Caused by Overdistension","volume":"9","author":"KL Hamlington","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Bioeng"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.14171","article-title":"Effect of Lung Recruitment and Titrated Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) vs Low PEEP on Mortality in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"318","author":"AB Cavalcanti","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1410639","article-title":"Driving pressure and survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"372","author":"MB Amato","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.1.19","article-title":"Neutrophil-mediated pulmonary vascular injury. Synergistic effect of trace amounts of lipopolysaccharide and neutrophil stimuli on vascular permeability and neutrophil sequestration in the lung","volume":"136","author":"GS Worthen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref38","first-page":"531","article-title":"The selective and superoxide-independent disruption of intestinal epithelial tight junctions during leukocyte transmigration","volume":"59","author":"S Nash","year":"1988","journal-title":"Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(00)00049-1","article-title":"Modulation of epithelial and endothelial paracellular permeability by leukocytes","volume":"41","author":"HA Edens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9352851","article-title":"Neutrophil migration across model intestinal epithelia: monolayer disruption and subsequent events in epithelial repair","volume":"113","author":"A Nusrat","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0348TR","article-title":"Transepithelial migration of neutrophils: mechanisms and implications for acute lung injury","volume":"40","author":"RL Zemans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G705","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.3.G705","article-title":"Neutrophil-mediated epithelial injury during transmigration: role of elastase","volume":"281","author":"HH Ginzberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421801","article-title":"Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"342","author":"RG Brower","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20747","article-title":"Stereological Estimates of Alveolar Number and Size and Capillary Length and Surface Area in Mice Lungs","volume":"292","author":"J Knust","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"A4826","article-title":"Linking alveolar epithelial barrier disruption to function in ventilator-induced lung injury","volume":"193","author":"KL Hamlington","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0193934","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,20]],"date-time":"2018-10-20T10:56:06Z","timestamp":1540032966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0193934"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Rosenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0193934","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]}}}