{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T11:55:53Z","timestamp":1742385353950,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]],"date-time":"2018-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"World Bank-EAPHLNP"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]],"date-time":"2018-03-22T13:47:32Z","timestamp":1521726452000},"page":"e0194741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Accuracy of different Xpert MTB\/Rif implementation strategies in programmatic settings at the regional referral hospitals in Uganda: Evidence for country wide roll out"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7154-2964","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Winters","family":"Muttamba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"Ssengooba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rogers","family":"Sekibira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Kirenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Achilles","family":"Katamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Joloba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Organisation, W.H., Global TB Report 2016. 2016."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","first-page":"18","article-title":"GeneXpert for TB diagnosis: planned and purposeful implementation","volume":"1","author":"A.S. Piatek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global Health: Science and Practice"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90230-X","article-title":"Sputum concentration improves diagnosis of tuberculosis in a setting with a high prevalence of HIV","volume":"94","author":"J. Bruchfeld","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1086\/518656","article-title":"Facing the crisis: improving the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the HIV era","volume":"196","author":"M.D. Perkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.5.3.327","article-title":"Optimizing sputum smear microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"5","author":"K.R. Steingart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert review of anti-infective therapy"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"WHO, World Health Organization. Rapid Implementation of the Xpert MTB\/RIF diagnostic test. Technical and Operational \u2018How-to\u2019 Practical considerations. URL; <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/44593\/1\/9789241501569_eng.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/44593\/1\/9789241501569_eng.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 26 March 2016. 2011."},{"issue":"9915","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62073-5","article-title":"Feasibility, accuracy, and clinical effect of point-of-care Xpert MTB\/RIF testing for tuberculosis in primary-care settings in Africa: a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"383","author":"G. Theron","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12022","article-title":"Point-of-care diagnosis of tuberculosis: Past, present and future","volume":"18","author":"K. Dheda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907847","article-title":"Rapid molecular detection of tuberculosis and rifampin resistance","volume":"363","author":"C.C. Boehme","year":"2010","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"article-title":"<italic>Tuberculosis diagnosis\u2014time for a game change<\/italic>","year":"2010","author":"P.M. Small","key":"ref10"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001067","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001067","article-title":"Screening for HIV-associated tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance before antiretroviral therapy using the Xpert MTB\/RIF assay: a prospective study","volume":"8","author":"S.D. Lawn","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"article-title":"<italic>Xpert<\/italic><sup>\u00ae<\/sup> <italic>MTB\/RIF assay for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults<\/italic>","year":"2014","author":"K.R. Steingart","key":"ref12"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001061","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001061","article-title":"Comparison of Xpert MTB\/RIF with other nucleic acid technologies for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting: a prospective study","volume":"8","author":"L.E. Scott","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001120","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001120","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB\/RIF assay in high burden countries: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"8","author":"A. Vassall","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e107595","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107595","article-title":"Clinical utility of a novel molecular assay in various combination strategies with existing methods for diagnosis of HIV-related tuberculosis in Uganda","volume":"9","author":"W. Ssengooba","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"9776","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60438-8","article-title":"Feasibility, diagnostic accuracy, and effectiveness of decentralised use of the Xpert MTB\/RIF test for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistance: a multicentre implementation study","volume":"377","author":"C.C. Boehme","year":"2011","journal-title":"The lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201101-0056OC","article-title":"Evaluation of the Xpert MTB\/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting","volume":"184","author":"G. Theron","year":"2011","journal-title":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis631","article-title":"Evaluation of the Xpert MTB\/RIF assay at a tertiary care referral hospital in a setting where tuberculosis and HIV infection are highly endemic","volume":"55","author":"J. O\u2019Grady","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20458","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020458","article-title":"Rapid and accurate detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples by Cepheid Xpert MTB\/RIF assay\u2014a clinical validation study","volume":"6","author":"A. Rachow","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00095-8","article-title":"Xpert MTB\/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"A.K. Detjen","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet Respiratory Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70245-1","article-title":"Assessment of the Xpert MTB\/RIF assay for diagnosis of tuberculosis with gastric lavage aspirates in children in sub-Saharan Africa: a prospective descriptive study","volume":"13","author":"M. Bates","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet infectious diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis190","article-title":"Increased and expedited case detection by Xpert MTB\/RIF assay in childhood tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"54","author":"A. Rachow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"28","article-title":"<italic>Priorities for tuberculosis bacteriology services in low-income countries<\/italic>: <italic>International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease<\/italic>","author":"H. Rieder","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","first-page":"220","article-title":"Attention to gender issues in tuberculosis control [Unresolved Issues]","volume":"5","author":"M. Uplekar","year":"2001","journal-title":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73717","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073717","article-title":"The diagnostic performance of a single GeneXpert MTB\/RIF assay in an intensified tuberculosis case finding survey among HIV-infected prisoners in Malaysia","volume":"8","author":"H.A.A. Al-Darraji","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.9.1009","article-title":"The growing burden of tuberculosis: global trends and interactions with the HIV epidemic","volume":"163","author":"E.L. Corbett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of internal medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of human immunodeficiency virus on presentation and diagnosis of tuberculosis in a cohort study in Zambia","volume":"96","author":"A. Elliott","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1086\/652147","article-title":"HIV-associated tuberculosis: clinical update","volume":"50","author":"S. Swaminathan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44626","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044626","article-title":"A diagnostic accuracy study of Xpert<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> MTB\/RIF in HIV-positive patients with high clinical suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis in Lima, Peru","volume":"7","author":"G. Carriquiry","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105346","article-title":"Enhancing TB case detection: experience in offering upfront Xpert MTB\/RIF testing to pediatric presumptive TB and DR TB cases for early rapid diagnosis of drug sensitive and drug resistant TB","volume":"9","author":"N. Raizada","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-133","article-title":"Evaluation of the Xpert MTB\/RIF test for the diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis in Uganda: a cross-sectional diagnostic study","volume":"13","author":"M.P. Sekadde","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infectious diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-31","article-title":"Evaluation of Xpert MTB\/RIF and MODS assay for the diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis","volume":"13","author":"N.T.Q. Nhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC infectious diseases"},{"issue":"suppl_2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S171","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix151","article-title":"Real-Life Clinical Practice of Using the Xpert MTB\/RIF Assay in Thailand","volume":"64","author":"K. Kawkitinarong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2009-x","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of smear microscopy and incremental yield of Xpert in detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in Rwanda","volume":"16","author":"J.C.S. Ngabonziza","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC infectious diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-2","article-title":"Results from early programmatic implementation of Xpert MTB\/RIF testing in nine countries","volume":"14","author":"J. Creswell","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC infectious diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref36","first-page":"796","article-title":"Undiagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis deaths in rural South Africa","volume":"8","author":"P. Pronyk","year":"2004","journal-title":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0194741","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T00:58:53Z","timestamp":1540342733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0194741"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Seyed Ehtesham","family":"Hasnain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0194741","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]]}}}