{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:36:03Z","timestamp":1792802163632,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Society of Family Planning Research Fund","award":["SFPRF8-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFPRF8-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rrwkv56","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01HD080722-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01HD080722-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12HD001438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12HD001438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T13:31:36Z","timestamp":1522675896000},"page":"e0195163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Factors associated with sexual and reproductive health stigma among adolescent girls in Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6143-4748","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kelli Stidham","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Morhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubakar","family":"Manu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa H.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Ela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Loll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giselle","family":"Kolenic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Dozier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sneha","family":"Challa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa K.","family":"Zochowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Boakye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Adanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa K.","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity","author":"E Goffman","year":"1963"},{"issue":"35","key":"ref2","first-page":"549","article-title":"Abortion Stigma: A Reconceptualization of Constituents, Causes, and Consequences","volume":"21","author":"A Norris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health Iss"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301069","article-title":"Stigma as fundamental cause of population health inequalities","volume":"103","author":"ML Hatzenbuehler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Pub Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500600595160","article-title":"Measuring health-related stigma\u2014A literature review","volume":"11","author":"WH Van Brakel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007098","article-title":"Measuring mental illness stigma","volume":"30","author":"B G Link","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001295","article-title":"The Role of HIV-Related Stigma in Utilization of Skilled Childbirth Services in Rural Kenya: A Prospective Mixed-Methods Study","volume":"9","author":"JM Turan","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Current knowledge about quantifying stigma in developing countries","author":"L Nybade","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1363\/4507913","article-title":"The stigma of having an abortion: development of a scale and characteristics of women experiencing abortion stigma","volume":"45","author":"K Cockrill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Persp Sex Reprod Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2014.919982","article-title":"Developing a scale to measure stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about women who have abortions: Results from Ghana and Zambia. Stigma, Research and Action","volume":"54","author":"KM Shellenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Psychological perspectives on lesbian, gay, and bisexual experiences","author":"L Garnets","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7352.1470","article-title":"Iatrogenic stigma of mental illness","volume":"324","author":"N Sartorius","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.02057.x","article-title":"Time for change: Rethinking and reframing sexual health in the United States","volume":"9","author":"KA Fenton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2015.05.009","article-title":"Teen pregnancy prevention: sexuality the magic bullets","volume":"28","author":"JS Sanfilippo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6831","article-title":"Sexual health in America: Improving patient care and public health","volume":"314","author":"D Satcher","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(12)60017-4","article-title":"Investigating Social Consequences of Unwanted Pregnancy and Unsafe Abortion in Malawi: The Role of Stigma","volume":"118","author":"BA Levandowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","first-page":"304","article-title":"Experiences of Pregnant Adolescents-Voices from Wakiso District, Uganda","volume":"5","author":"L Atuyambe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Afr Health Sciences"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Are Pregnant Adolescents Stigmatized By Pregnancy","volume":"36","author":"CM Wienmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Understanding the adolescent family planning evidence base","author":"A Glinski"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Women and health: the key for sustainable development","author":"A Langer","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12886","article-title":"Barriers to access reproductive health care for pregnant adolescent girls: A qualitative study in Tanzania","volume":"104","author":"A Hokororo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","first-page":"73","article-title":"Accessing sexual and reproductive health information and services: A mixed methods study of young women\u2019s needs and experiences in Soweto, South Africa","volume":"19","author":"N Lince-Deroche","year":"2015","journal-title":"African J Reprod Health"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Hall KS, Manu A, Morhe E, Dalton VK Challa S, Loll D, Dozier JL, Zochowski MK, Adanu R, Harris LH. Understanding \u201cBad Girl\u201d and family planning need among adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa: The role of sexual and reproductive health stigma. 2016. Under review."},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multiple levels of social influence on adolescent sexual and reproductive health in Ghana","author":"S Challa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"28266874","article-title":"Development and validation of a scale to measure adolescent sexual and reproductive health stigma","author":"KS Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sex Research"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C","article-title":"The patient health questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener","volume":"41","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"S Cohen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/135910539700200305","article-title":"Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socioeconomic status, stress, and discrimination","volume":"2","author":"DR Williams","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws381","article-title":"A Population-based Case-Control Study of Stillbirth: The Relationship of Significant Life Events to the Racial Disparity for African Americans","volume":"177","author":"CJR Hogue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epid"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Topic Reference","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2010.00250.x","article-title":"Unintended pregnancy: Worldwide levels, trends and outcomes","volume":"41","author":"S Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxq012","article-title":"Family planning and the burden of unintended pregnancies","volume":"32","author":"AO Tsui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"10","article-title":"Setting Research Priorities for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Low-and Middle-Income Countries","volume":"91","author":"MJ Hindin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X96027004002","article-title":"Stigma Stories: Four Discourses About Teen Mothers, Welfare, and Poverty","volume":"27","author":"DM Kelly","year":"1996","journal-title":"Youth Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.11.008","article-title":"Social discrimination, mental health, and risk of unintended pregnancy among young women","volume":"56","author":"KS Hall","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0195163","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T04:03:12Z","timestamp":1540267392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0195163"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Dalby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0195163","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]]}}}