{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:08:00Z","timestamp":1792069680851,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]],"date-time":"2018-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]],"date-time":"2018-04-13T15:09:58Z","timestamp":1523632198000},"page":"e0195365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":190,"title":["Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the first 12 months postpartum and child externalizing and internalizing behavior at three years"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7183-2803","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dawn","family":"Kingston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Kehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Paule","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Kashif","family":"Mughal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Wajid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Vermeyden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Benzies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Giallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Maternal depression from early pregnancy to 4 years postpartum in a prospective pregnancy cohort study: implications for primary health care","author":"H Woolhouse","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000183597.31630.db","article-title":"Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence","volume":"106","author":"NI Gavin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.08.004","article-title":"The course of anxiety and depression through pregnancy and the postpartum in a community sample","volume":"80","author":"Heron J","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.014","article-title":"Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: a large prospective study","volume":"108","author":"J Milgrom","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3109\/09540269609037816","article-title":"Rates and risk of postpartum depression\u2014a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"MW O'hara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1999.00943.x","article-title":"Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"29","author":"CT Beck","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01657.x","article-title":"Behavior problems in preschool children: A review of recent research","volume":"36","author":"SB Campbell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-010-0080-1","article-title":"Maternal depression and child psychopathology: a meta-analytic review","volume":"14","author":"SH Goodman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-013-1418-3","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal maternal mental health and school-age child development: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"D Kingston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400109","article-title":"Immediate and sustained effects of parenting on physical aggression in Canadian children aged 6 years and younger","volume":"54","author":"K Benzies","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0672-2","article-title":"The emotional\u2013behavioural functioning of children exposed to maternal depressive symptoms across pregnancy and early childhood: a prospective Australian pregnancy cohort study","volume":"24","author":"R Giallo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref12","first-page":"101","article-title":"Maternal anxiety during the transition to parenthood: a prospective study","volume":"108","author":"KA Grant","year":"2008","journal-title":"J AffectvDisord"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.106.3.458","article-title":"Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: a developmental model for understanding mechanisms of transmission","volume":"106","author":"SH Goodman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000657","article-title":"Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms predict child problem behaviour: the Generation R study","volume":"43","author":"R Cents","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.03.002","article-title":"Maternal depression trajectories and children's behavior at age 5 years","volume":"166","author":"J Van Der Waerden","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Maternal depression trajectories from pregnancy to 3 years postpartum are associated with children's behavior and executive functions at 3 and 6 years","author":"M Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Cohort Profile: The All Our Babies pregnancy cohort (AOB)","author":"SC Tough","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-10-87","article-title":"All Our Babies Cohort Study: recruitment of a cohort to predict women at risk of preterm birth through the examination of gene expression profiles and the environment","volume":"10","author":"SK Gracie","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-S1-S2","article-title":"The All Our Babies pregnancy cohort: design, methods, and participant characteristics","volume":"13","author":"SW McDonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782","article-title":"Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale","volume":"150","author":"JL Cox","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2010.07.008","article-title":"Validation of the Edinburgh Depression Scale during pregnancy","volume":"70","author":"V Bergink","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/02646839008403615","article-title":"Screening for depression during pregnancy with the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDDS)","volume":"8","author":"D Murray","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Reprod Infant Psychol"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Microdata User Guide, National Longitudental Survey of Children and Youth, Cycle 7, September 2006 to July 2007."},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Achenbach TM, Vermont VDoPUo, Edelbrock CS. Manual for the child behavior checklist and revised child behavior profile: Department of Psychiatry of the University of Vermont; 1983."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.03.002","article-title":"Maternal depression trajectories and children's behavior at age 5 years","volume":"166","author":"J van der Waerden","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.01.050","article-title":"Parental factors associated with childhood anxiety, depression, and internalizing problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"MB Yap","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory","author":"CD Spielberger","year":"1970"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"LS Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muth\u00e9n BO. Mplus User's Guide: Statistical Analysis with Latent Variables: User'ss Guide: Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n; 2010."},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 13. College Station","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Heterogeneity in perinatal depression: how far have we come? A systematic review","author":"H Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"0165025416687413","article-title":"Emotional\u2013behavioral resilience among children of first-time mothers with and without depression across the early childhood period","author":"R Giallo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Behav Dev"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-016-0219-0","article-title":"DNA methylation mediates the effect of exposure to prenatal maternal stress on cytokine production in children at age 13(1\/2) years: Project Ice Storm","volume":"8","author":"L Cao-Lei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2015.1063771","article-title":"DNA methylation mediates the impact of exposure to prenatal maternal stress on BMI and central adiposity in children at age 13(1\/2) years: Project Ice Storm","volume":"10","author":"L Cao-Lei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2016.09.013","article-title":"Pregnant women's cognitive appraisal of a natural disaster affects their children's BMI and central adiposity via DNA methylation: Project Ice Storm","volume":"103","author":"L Cao-Lei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Prenatal stress and epigenetics","author":"L Cao-Lei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02371.x","article-title":"Annual Research Review: Prenatal stress and the origins of psychopathology: an evolutionary perspective","volume":"52","author":"V Glover","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000287065.59491.70","article-title":"Prevalence, course, and risk factors for antenatal anxiety and depression","volume":"110","author":"AM Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"22","article-title":"Comorbid anxiety and depression","volume":"66","author":"MH Pollack","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199807000-00006","article-title":"Postpartum anxiety and depression: onset and comorbidity in a community sample","volume":"186","author":"S Stuart","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-006-9095-y","article-title":"Multiple determinants of externalizing behavior in 5-year-olds: A longitudinal model","volume":"35","author":"S Smeekens","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-005-9001-z","article-title":"The development of physical aggression from toddlerhood to pre-adolescence: A nation wide longitudinal study of Canadian children","volume":"34","author":"S C\u00f4t\u00e9","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.39.1.164","article-title":"Predicting preschoolers' externalizing behaviors from toddler temperament, conflict, and maternal negativity","volume":"39","author":"KH Rubin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.e43","article-title":"Physical aggression during early childhood: Trajectories and predictors","volume":"114","author":"RE Tremblay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-005-3491-3","article-title":"Childhood predictors of anxiety symptoms: A longitudinal study","volume":"36","author":"RL Grover","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.08.001","article-title":"Family issues in child anxiety: Attachment, family functioning, parental rearing and beliefs","volume":"26","author":"SM B\u00f6gels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579498001527","article-title":"Coparental and family group-level dynamics during infancy: Early family precursors of child and family functioning during preschool","volume":"10","author":"JP McHale","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/01650250444000171","article-title":"Internalising and externalising problems in middle childhood: A study of Indian (ethnic minority) and English (ethnic majority) children living in Britain","volume":"28","author":"N Atzaba-Poria","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Behav Dev"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0195365","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T16:01:26Z","timestamp":1571155286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0195365"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kenji","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0195365","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]]}}}