{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:51:21Z","timestamp":1792533081789,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T14:08:45Z","timestamp":1525356525000},"page":"e0195949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Potentially inappropriate prescribing in Ethiopian geriatric patients hospitalized with cardiovascular disorders using START\/STOPP criteria"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7813-3407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tadesse Melaku","family":"Abegaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eshetie Melese","family":"Birru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gashaw Binega","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2165\/11632610-000000000-00000","article-title":"Inappropriate prescribing","volume":"29","author":"MN O\u2019connor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs & aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.44","article-title":"Prevention of potentially inappropriate prescribing for elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial using STOPP\/START criteria","volume":"89","author":"P Gallagher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu145","article-title":"STOPP\/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2","volume":"44","author":"D O'mahony","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age and ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/aft038","article-title":"Strategies to reduce the risk of iatrogenic illness in complex older adults","volume":"42","author":"G Onder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age and ageing"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP46072","article-title":"STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person&apos;s Prescriptions) and START (Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment). Consensus validation","volume":"46","author":"P Gallagher","year":"2008","journal-title":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.215","article-title":"Potentially inappropriate medications defined by STOPP criteria and the risk of adverse drug events in older hospitalized patients","volume":"171","author":"H Hamilton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of internal medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200320110-00003","article-title":"Reduction of polypharmacy in the elderly","volume":"20","author":"V Rollason","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drugs & aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2006.02831.x","article-title":"Is inappropriate medication use a major cause of adverse drug reactions in the elderly?","volume":"63","author":"ML Laroche","year":"2007","journal-title":"British journal of clinical pharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-015-1950-8","article-title":"Potentially inappropriate prescribing and adverse drug reactions in the elderly: a population-based study","volume":"71","author":"K Hedna","year":"2015","journal-title":"European journal of clinical pharmacology"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03319105","article-title":"The economic burden of inappropriate drug prescribing, lack of adherence and compliance, adverse drug events in older people","volume":"35","author":"C Chiatti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug safety"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor M. Adverse drug reactions in older people during hospitalisation: prevalence, risk factors and recognition. Unpublished MD thesis University College Cork. 2013."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2009.02040.x","article-title":"Quality of drug prescribing in older patients: is there a problem and can we improve it?","volume":"40","author":"I Scott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Internal medicine journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-014-1651-8","article-title":"Prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing and prescribing omissions in older Irish adults: findings from The Irish LongituDinal Study on Ageing study (TILDA)","volume":"70","author":"R Galvin","year":"2014","journal-title":"European journal of clinical pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP46072","article-title":"STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person&apos;s Prescriptions) and START (Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment). Consensus validation","volume":"46","author":"P Gallagher","year":"2008","journal-title":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82359","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082359","article-title":"Frequency of inappropriate medication prescription in hospitalized elderly patients in Italy","volume":"8","author":"F Napolitano","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of major non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"A Misganaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of health, population, and nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-014-0157-5","article-title":"Reduction of potentially inappropriate medications using the STOPP criteria in frail older inpatients: a randomised controlled study","volume":"31","author":"O Dalleur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drugs & aging"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-005-0928-3","article-title":"Impact of inappropriate drug use among hospitalized older adults","volume":"61","author":"G Onder","year":"2005","journal-title":"European journal of clinical pharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-0105.189434","article-title":"Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications and prescription cost analysis among older cardiac patients in an outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in India","volume":"7","author":"KN Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu029","article-title":"Potentially inappropriate drug use among hospitalised older adults: results from the CRIME study","volume":"43","author":"M Tosato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age and ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afm116","article-title":"Inappropriate prescribing in an acutely ill population of elderly patients as determined by Beers&apos; Criteria","volume":"37","author":"PF Gallagher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Age and ageing"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(02)00201-5","article-title":"Factors influencing the length of hospital stay of patients with heart failure","volume":"5","author":"S Wright","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Heart Failure"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M138","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/57.2.M138","article-title":"Inappropriate use of digoxin in older hospitalized heart failure patients","volume":"57","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064","article-title":"2009 focused update: ACCF\/AHA guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults","volume":"119","author":"M Jessup","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2009.10.001","article-title":"A review of heart failure management in the elderly population","volume":"7","author":"JW Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S107394","article-title":"Inappropriate prescribing of antithrombotic therapy in Ethiopian elderly population using updated 2015 STOPP\/START criteria: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"H Getachew","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Interventions in Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-14-0344","article-title":"Inappropriate use of oral anticoagulants for patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"78","author":"M Akao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation Journal"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"A review of the safety of anticoagulants in older people using the medicines management pathway: weighing the benefits against the risks","author":"B Bajorek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Therapeutic advances in drug safety"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.11.42","article-title":"Reducing the risk of gastroduodenal ulcers with a fixed combination of esomeprazole and low-dose acetyl salicylic acid","volume":"5","author":"ND Yeomans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2006.06.024","article-title":"Risks and benefits of combining aspirin with anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: an exploratory analysis of stroke prevention using an oral thrombin inhibitor in atrial fibrillation (SPORTIF) trials","volume":"152","author":"GC Flaker","year":"2006","journal-title":"American heart journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.044","article-title":"Combining antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies","volume":"54","author":"DR Holmes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcg090","article-title":"The influence of cyclo-oxygenase specificity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on bleeding complications in concomitant coumarine users","volume":"96","author":"E Knijff-Dutmer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Qjm"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","first-page":"155","article-title":"Aldosterone antagonism in addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in heart failure","volume":"51","author":"J Bauersachs","year":"2003","journal-title":"Minerva cardioangiologica"},{"issue":"1013","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2008.072058","article-title":"Understanding the risk of hyperkalaemia in heart failure: role of aldosterone antagonism","volume":"86","author":"R Poggio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Postgraduate medical journal"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.07.067","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure: an analysis of the CHARM Program","volume":"50","author":"AS Desai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0828-282X(08)70651-2","article-title":"Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and cardiovascular outcomes in elderly patients: A population-based study","volume":"24","author":"C Bucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2010.162","article-title":"Cardiovascular drug therapy in the elderly: benefits and challenges","volume":"8","author":"JL Fleg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Cardiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.7.787","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with coronary artery disease and absence of heart failure or left ventricular systolic dysfunction: an overview of long-term randomized controlled trials","volume":"166","author":"N Danchin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"9535","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69201-5","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors in stable vascular disease without left ventricular systolic dysfunction or heart failure: a combined analysis of three trials","volume":"368","author":"GR Dagenais","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.08.024","article-title":"Effect of use of combination evidence-based medical therapy after acute coronary syndromes on long-term outcomes","volume":"109","author":"R Lahoud","year":"2012","journal-title":"The American journal of cardiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1P128","article-title":"Cardiology: Treatment of Systolic Heart Failure in the Elderly: An Evidence-Based Review","volume":"44","author":"SA Arif","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200295070-00009","article-title":"Age-related underutilization of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in older hospitalized heart failure patients","volume":"95","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2002","journal-title":"Southern medical journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540260029031","article-title":"Adverse outcomes of underuse of \u03b2-blockers in elderly survivors of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"277","author":"SB Soumerai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.04.060","article-title":"Cardiovascular protection using beta-blockers: a critical review of the evidence","volume":"50","author":"S Bangalore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.2.177","article-title":"Relationship between adherence to evidence-based pharmacotherapy and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"297","author":"JN Rasmussen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1C286","article-title":"Extended-release metoprolol succinate in chronic heart failure","volume":"37","author":"HJ Tangeman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.207365","article-title":"\u03b2-blockade with nebivolol for prevention of acute ischaemic events in elderly patients with heart failure","volume":"97","author":"G Ambrosio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of statin treatment for cardiovascular disease: a network meta-analysis of 170 255 patients from 76 randomized trials","author":"E Mills","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qjm"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2376","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2376","article-title":"The benefits of statins in people without established cardiovascular disease but with cardiovascular risk factors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"338","author":"J Brugts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-017-0452-z","article-title":"Potentially Inappropriate Antihypertensive Prescriptions to Elderly Patients: Results of a Prospective, Observational Study","volume":"34","author":"PHP M\u00e1rquez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs & Aging"},{"issue":"7440","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7440.634","article-title":"British Hypertension Society guidelines for hypertension management 2004 (BHS-IV): summary","volume":"328","author":"B Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328339f9c5","article-title":"Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years and older: the lower the better? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"28","author":"T Bejan-Angoulvant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref53","first-page":"1175","article-title":"Stroke prevention with the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension: the Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE)","volume":"44","author":"V Papademetriou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"ref54","unstructured":"Abegaz TM, Tefera YG, Abebe TB. Epidemiology of Target Organ damages and the Long-term Effect of Inappropriate Prescription in Patients with Hypertension: A Retrospective Cohort Study."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94350","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094350","article-title":"Patient-and clinic visit-related factors associated with potentially inappropriate medication use among older home healthcare service recipients","volume":"9","author":"C-B Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos one"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-4-9","article-title":"Potentially inappropriate prescriptions for older patients in long-term care","volume":"4","author":"C Rancourt","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC geriatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0038-8","article-title":"Inappropriate prescribing to the oldest old patients admitted to hospital: prevalence, most frequently used medicines, and associated factors","volume":"15","author":"A San-Jos\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC geriatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq031","article-title":"Potentially inappropriate prescribing including under-use amongst older patients with cognitive or psychiatric co-morbidities","volume":"39","author":"PO Lang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Age and ageing"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.117423","article-title":"Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use as the precipitating factor in readmissions to the hospital","volume":"2","author":"V Sehgal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of family medicine and primary care"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.14442\/general.15.117","article-title":"Risk Factors and Specific Prescriptions Related to Inappropriate Prescribing among Japanese Elderly Home Care Patients","volume":"15","author":"J Hamano","year":"2014","journal-title":"General Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-016-0408-8","article-title":"Inappropriate Prescription and Renal Function Among Older Patients with Cognitive Impairment","volume":"33","author":"E S\u00f6nnerstam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drugs & Aging"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S116789","article-title":"Inappropriateness of medication prescriptions about chronic kidney disease patients without dialysis therapy in a Chinese tertiary teaching hospital","volume":"12","author":"P Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Therapeutics and clinical risk management"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0195949","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T01:57:36Z","timestamp":1540259856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0195949"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Marengoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0195949","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]}}}