{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:18:43Z","timestamp":1773101923370,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 GM081741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM081741"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T17:53:58Z","timestamp":1525283638000},"page":"e0196390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Complementary Health Approaches for Pain Survey (CHAPS): Validity testing and characteristics of a rural population with pain"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2567-1567","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Termeh","family":"Feinberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christa","family":"Lilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amna","family":"Umer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Innes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Descriptions of Chronic Pain Syndromes and Definitions of Pain Terms","author":"H BN Merskey","year":"1994"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.05.002","article-title":"Estimates of Pain Prevalence and Severity in Adults: United States, 2012","volume":"16","author":"RL Nahin","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain: Official Journal of the American Pain Society"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Relieving Pain in America: a Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research","year":"2011"},{"issue":"S11","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S240","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20543","article-title":"Measures of Adult Pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP)","volume":"63","author":"GA Hawker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care & Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.07.005","article-title":"Validity of four pain intensity rating scales","volume":"152","author":"MA Ferreira-Valente","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2011\/14\/61","article-title":"Reliability and Validity of the Global Pain Scale with Chronic Pain Sufferers","volume":"14","author":"DA Gentile","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004177","article-title":"Comorbid pain and migraine chronicity: The Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes Study","volume":"89","author":"AI Scher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.115","article-title":"Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of G. Guidelines for Prevention of NSAID-related Ulcer Complications","volume":"104","author":"FL Lanza","year":"2009","journal-title":"The American journal of gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3182863447","article-title":"Chronic Opioid Use in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: a Clinical Review","volume":"19","author":"JT Painter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Rheumatology: Practical Reports on Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Drug-poisoning Deaths Involving Opioid Analgesics: United States, 1999\u20132011: CDC; 2014 [cited 2015 4\/17]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/databriefs\/db166.htm\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/databriefs\/db166.htm<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","first-page":"64","article-title":"Understanding the cultures of Prescription Drug Abuse, Misuse, Addiction, and Diversion","volume":"106","author":"M O'Neil","year":"2010","journal-title":"WV Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"CDC. Drug Overdose Deaths by State: US, 2013\u20132015; 2015 [updated Dec 18, 2015]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/data\/statedeaths.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/data\/statedeaths.html<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"No. RR-1","key":"ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain\u2014United States, 2016","volume":"65","author":"D HT Dowell","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ref14","first-page":"127","article-title":"The Complementary Medicine (CAM) for the Treatment of Chronic Pain: Scientific Evidence Regarding the Effects of Healing Touch Massage","volume":"86","author":"G Marletta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","first-page":"9","article-title":"Advances in Research of Complementary and Integrative Medicine: a Review of Recent Publications in some of the Leading Medical Journals","volume":"154","author":"D Gamus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Harefuah: journal of the Israel Medical Association"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12412","article-title":"Assessing the quality, efficacy, and effectiveness of the current evidence base of active self-care complementary and integrative medicine therapies for the management of chronic pain: a rapid evidence assessment of the literature","volume":"15","author":"R Delgado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"98","key":"ref17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Use of Complementary Health Approaches for Musculoskeletal Pain Disorders Among Adults: United States, 2012","author":"TC Clarke","year":"2016","journal-title":"National health statistics reports"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.07.013","article-title":"Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures on Complementary Health Approaches Associated With Painful Health Conditions in a Nationally Representative Adult Sample","volume":"16","author":"RL Nahin","year":"2015","journal-title":"The journal of pain: official journal of the American Pain Society"},{"issue":"79","key":"ref19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trends in the use of complementary health approaches among adults: United States, 2002\u20132012","author":"TC Clarke","year":"2015","journal-title":"National health statistics reports"},{"issue":"95","key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Expenditures on Complementary Health Approaches: United States, 2012","author":"RL Nahin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Report"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2008.00477.x","article-title":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use by Primary Care Patients with Chronic Pain","volume":"9","author":"EI Rosenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199301283280406","article-title":"Unconventional Medicine in the United States: Prevalence, Costs, and Patterns of use","volume":"328","author":"DM Eisenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.651","article-title":"Association Between Use of Unconventional Therapies and Conventional Medical Services","volume":"282","author":"BG Druss","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001046","article-title":"Are Complementary therapies and Integrative care cost-effective? A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluations","volume":"2","author":"PM Herman","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Santaguida P, Gross A, United States. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality., McMaster University. Evidence-based Practice Center. Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Back Pain Utilization Report. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2009. ix, 149 p. p."},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"CDC. Chronic Disease Indicators Data 2016 [cited 2016 Nov 15]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/nccd.cdc.gov\/cdi\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/nccd.cdc.gov\/cdi<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Shelton F. Pioneer comforts and kitchen remedies: Oldtimey highland secrets from the Blue Ridge and Great Smoky Mountains: Hutcraft; 1965. 24 p."},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"187","article-title":"Medicinal plants and home remedies of Appalachia","volume":"xvii","author":"JL Bolyard","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Herbal medicine past and present","author":"JK Crellin","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"291","article-title":"A guide to medicinal plants of Appalachia","author":"A Krochmal","year":"1971"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research","author":"OG Brim","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Sutton-Tyrrell K, Faith Selzer, MaryFran Sowers, Joel Finkelstein, Lynda Powell, Ellen Gold, Gail David, Gerson Weiss, and Karen Matthews. Study of Women Across the Nation (SWAN), 2006\u20132008: Visit 10 Dataset. ICPSR32961-v1 ed. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor]."},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"2007 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Public Use Data Release","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Public Use Data Release","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2008.0521","article-title":"Development of an International Questionnaire to Measure Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (I-CAM-Q)","volume":"15","author":"SA Quandt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2016.05.007","article-title":"Development and evaluation of the R-I-CAM-Q as a brief summative measure of CAM utilisation","volume":"27","author":"GM Bryden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Complementary Therapies in Medicine"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Kessler R. National Comorbidity Survey: Reinterview (NCS-2), 2001\u20132002 [Restricted-Use]. ICPSR30921-v2 ed. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor]."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berry SH, Spranca M, Brown JA. Consumers and Health Care Quality Information Survey in California, 1999\u20132000. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) [distributor]; 2005.","DOI":"10.3886\/ICPSR03427"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"News ABC, Usa T, Stanford U. ABC News\/USA TODAY\/Stanford University Pain Poll, April 2005. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) [distributor]; 2006."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Couper MP, Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Singer E, Fagerlin A, Ubel PA, Fowler Jr FJ, et al. National Survey of Medical Decisions, 2006\u20132007. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) [distributor]; 2009.","DOI":"10.3886\/ICPSR25983"},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"Scanlon D. Aligning Forces for Quality Evaluation: Consumer Survey Round 1, 2007\u20132008 and 2010. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) [distributor]; 2016."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markides KS, Ray LA. Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly, Wave IV, 2000\u20132001 [Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas]. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) [distributor]; 2009.","DOI":"10.3886\/ICPSR03385"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris KM, Udry JR. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), 1994\u20132008 [Public Use]. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) [distributor]; 2017.","DOI":"10.3886\/ICPSR21600.v9"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Public Use Data Release","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Examination Protocol","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"Weinstein M, and James W. Wood. Biodemographic Models of Reproductive Aging (BIMORA) Project, 1998\u20132002 [United States]. Ann Arbor, MI Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor]."},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"Waite L. National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP): Wave 3. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) [distributor]; 2017."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zelinski E, Kennison R. Long Beach Longitudinal Study. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) [distributor]; 2011.","DOI":"10.3886\/ICPSR26561"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson JS, Caldwell CH, Williams DR, Neighbors HW, Nesse RM, Taylor RJ, et al. National Survey of American Life Self-Administered Questionnaire (NSAL-SAQ), February 2001-June 2003. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) [distributor]; 2010.","DOI":"10.3886\/ICPSR27121"},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"Ottenbacher K. Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) Disabling Process Study: 2001\u20132002. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) [distributor]; 2015."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.17.3.290","article-title":"Stage theories of health behavior: conceptual and methodological issues","volume":"17","author":"ND Weinstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.47.9.1102","article-title":"In search of how people change: Applications to addictive behaviors","volume":"47","author":"JO Prochaska","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"304","article-title":"Changing for good: The revolutionary program that explains the six stages of change and teaches you how to free yourself from bad habits","author":"JO Prochaska","year":"1994"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X08327068","article-title":"Decision making in the Transtheoretical Model for Behavior Change","volume":"28","author":"JO Prochaska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medical Decision Making"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.34.5.11","article-title":"Dietary Stages of Change and Decisional Balance: a Meta-analytic Review","volume":"34","author":"J Di Noia","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Health Behavior"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.4065\/78.12.1463","article-title":"Prevalence of Severe Hypovitaminosis D in Patients With Persistent, Nonspecific Musculoskeletal Pain","volume":"78","author":"GA Plotnikoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20352","article-title":"Psychometric testing of four Transtheoretical Model questionnaires for the behavior, completing health care proxies","volume":"32","author":"MA Jezewski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Research in Nursing & Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2012.724707","article-title":"Stages of Change, Barriers, Benefits, and Preferences for Exercise in RA patients: a Cross-sectional Study","volume":"42","author":"Y Henchoz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2012.12.002","article-title":"Body satisfaction is associated with Transtheoretical Model constructs for physical activity behavior change","volume":"10","author":"P Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3278","article-title":"Psychosocial predictors of four health-promoting behaviors for cancer prevention using the stage of change of Transtheoretical Model","volume":"22","author":"JH Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psycho-Oncology"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Development of a Framework for Collaborative Healthcare Services Delivery","author":"Z Omogbadegun","year":"2013","journal-title":"(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2007.11.005","article-title":"Electronic health records in complementary and alternative medicine","volume":"77","author":"K Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Informatics"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-6-199909210-00003","article-title":"Use of Complementary Therapies for Arthrtitis among Patients of Rheumatologists","volume":"131","author":"JK Rao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref64","first-page":"603","article-title":"Use of Alternative therapies and their impact on compliance: Perceptions of Community Pharmacists in Texas","volume":"38","author":"CM Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.2165\/11317010-000000000-00000","article-title":"Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: an updated systematic review","volume":"69","author":"AA Izzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2014.12.008","article-title":"Use of complementary and alternative medicines among Malaysian cancer patients: A descriptive study","volume":"6","author":"M Farooqui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of traditional and complementary medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.947","article-title":"&apos;They don&apos;t ask me so I don&apos;t tell them&apos;: patient-clinician communication about traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine","volume":"7","author":"BM Shelley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1300\/J077v23n04_03","article-title":"Patient-physician communication regarding use of complementary therapies during cancer treatment","volume":"23","author":"CS Roberts","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2012-0223","article-title":"Cancer patient disclosure and patient-doctor communication of complementary and alternative medicine use: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"EL Davis","year":"2012","journal-title":"The oncologist"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref70","first-page":"56","article-title":"Patient-doctor communication: use of complementary and alternative medicine by adult patients with cancer","volume":"8","author":"B Oh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-9684(15)31514-5","article-title":"Disclosure of Complementary and Alternative Medicine to Conventional Medical Providers: Variation by Race\/Ethnicity and Type of CAM","volume":"100","author":"MT Chao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the National Medical Association"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2016.03.008","article-title":"Use of electronic personal health records (PHRs) for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) disclosure: Implications for integrative health care","volume":"26","author":"Y Yeo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref73","first-page":"30","article-title":"Examining the association between patient-centered communication and provider avoidance, CAM use, and CAM-use disclosure","volume":"21","author":"J Faith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.108","article-title":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use by U.S. Adults with Gastrointestinal Conditions: Results from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey","volume":"109","author":"ML Dossett","year":"2014","journal-title":"The American journal of gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2012.06.012","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms and the use of complementary and alternative medicine","volume":"5","author":"MP Purohit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pm r"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000617","article-title":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in United States Adults With Liver Disease","volume":"51","author":"JB Henson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735415589347","article-title":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Overweight and Obese Cancer Survivors in the United States","volume":"14","author":"M Ojukwu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Integrative cancer therapies"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2011.01270.x","article-title":"Health Behaviors and Utilization among Users of Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Treatment versus Health Promotion","volume":"46","author":"MA Davis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health services research"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.06.007","article-title":"Evidence-Based Evaluation of Complementary Health Approaches for Pain Management in the United States","volume":"91","author":"RL Nahin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref80","article-title":"Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice","author":"K Glanz","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2009.07.016","article-title":"Applying the stages of change to multiple low-fat dietary behavioral contexts. An examination of stage occupation and discontinuity","volume":"53","author":"RC Plotnikoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref82","unstructured":"NIH. Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health: What\u2019s In a Name? Bethesda, MD2015 [cited 2015 4\/13]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/nccih.nih.gov\/health\/integrative-health\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/nccih.nih.gov\/health\/integrative-health<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459309347491","article-title":"Using factor analysis to create complementary and alternative medicine domains: An examination of patterns of use","volume":"14","author":"SL Ayers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2008.0430","article-title":"Delphi-Derived Development of a Common Core for Measuring Complementary and Alternative Medicine Prevalence","volume":"15","author":"LL Lachance","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine"},{"key":"ref85","unstructured":"Scott B. Readability Formulas 2015 [cited 2015]. Free readability tools to check for Reading Levels, Reading Assessment, and Reading Grade Levels]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.readabilityformulas.com\/free-readability-formula-tests.php\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.readabilityformulas.com\/free-readability-formula-tests.php<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref86","unstructured":"Global Pain Scale [cited 2017]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/paindoctor.com\/global-pain-scale\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/paindoctor.com\/global-pain-scale\/<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"254","article-title":"Essentials of Planning and Evaluation for Public Health","volume":"xvi","author":"KM Perrin","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"Community Health Education and Promotion","author":"M Wurzbach","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref89","unstructured":"Rheumatology ACo. Rheumatic Diseases in America: The problem. The impact. The answers.: American College of Rheumatology; [cited 2017]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.rheumatology.org\/portals\/0\/files\/Rheumatic%20Diseases%20in%20America%20The%20Problem.%20The%20impact.%20The%20answers.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.rheumatology.org\/portals\/0\/files\/Rheumatic%20Diseases%20in%20America%20The%20Problem.%20The%20impact.%20The%20answers.pdf<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"377","article-title":"Applied missing data analysis","volume":"xv","author":"CK Enders","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"381","article-title":"Statistical analysis with missing data","volume":"xv","author":"RJA Little","year":"2002"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i06","article-title":"Multiple Imputation Using SAS Software","volume":"45","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2011.12.009","article-title":"Comparing Two Questionnaires for Eliciting CAM Use in a Multi-Ethnic US Population of Older Adults","volume":"4","author":"SA Quandt","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2011.0002","article-title":"Trends in the use of complementary and alternative medicine in the United States: 2002\u20132007","volume":"22","author":"D Su","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-3934.2012.02126.x","article-title":"Use of practitioner-based and self-care complementary and alternative medicine in the united states: A demand for health perspective","volume":"41","author":"V Bhargava","year":"2012","journal-title":"Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318781","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/318781","article-title":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use among Norwegian Cancer Survivors: Gender-Specific Prevalence and Associations for Use","volume":"2013","author":"AE Kristoffersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-463","article-title":"Gender Differences in Prevalence and Associations for use of CAM in a large Population Study","volume":"14","author":"AE Kristoffersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-143","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of dietary supplement use by military personnel","volume":"14","author":"JJ Knapik","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"ref99","unstructured":"Clarke TC NR, Barnes PM, Stussman BJ. Use of Complementary Health Approaches for Musculoskeletal Pain Disorders among Adults: United States, 2012. National Health Statistics Reports; no 98 Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2016."},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0695-3","article-title":"Prevalence and modes of complementary and alternative medicine use among peasant farmers with musculoskeletal pain in a rural community in South-Western Nigeria","volume":"15","author":"CE Mbada","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2006.12.475","article-title":"Prevalence of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among HIV Patients for Perceived Lipodystrophy","volume":"12","author":"M Cho","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref102","first-page":"936","article-title":"Development and Validation of the EXPECT Questionnaire: Assessing Patient Expectations of Outcomes of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments for Chronic Pain. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine","volume":"22","author":"SMW Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development and Validation of the EXPECT Questionnaire: Assessing Patient Expectations of Outcomes of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments for Chronic Pain. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000602","article-title":"Patient phenotyping in clinical trials of chronic pain treatments: IMMPACT recommendations","volume":"157","author":"RR Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref104","article-title":"Complementary and alternative medicine education for medical profession: systematic review","volume":"2012","author":"NK Quartey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref105","article-title":"WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy, 2014\u20132023","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0196390","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T11:16:45Z","timestamp":1693653405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0196390"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Fuschia M.","family":"Sirois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0196390","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]]}}}