{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:16:54Z","timestamp":1788419814055,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008593","name":"European Respiratory Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STRTF 2014-5264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STRTF 2014-5264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Societ\u00e0 Italiana Ipertensione Arteriosa","award":["international grant \u201cCesare Bartorelli\u201d for the year 2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["international grant \u201cCesare Bartorelli\u201d for the year 2014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005646","name":"Actelion Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Actelion Research Chair on Pulmonary Hypertension"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Actelion Research Chair on Pulmonary Hypertension"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T13:29:08Z","timestamp":1529414948000},"page":"e0199164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Clinical phenotypes and outcomes of pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease: Role of the pre-capillary component"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3003-6499","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sergio","family":"Caravita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8924-8234","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Faini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Carolino D\u2019Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Dewachter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Chomette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Bondue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Naeije","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9402-7439","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Parati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Vachi\u00e9ry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01032-2015","article-title":"2015 ESC\/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT)","volume":"46","author":"N Gali\u00e8","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.033","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart diseases","volume":"62","author":"JL Vachi\u00e9ry","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00074312","article-title":"The transpulmonary pressure gradient for the diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease","volume":"41","author":"R Naeije","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-1653","article-title":"Diastolic pulmonary vascular pressure gradient: a predictor of prognosis in "out-of-proportion" pulmonary hypertension","volume":"143","author":"C Gerges","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00432-2016","article-title":"How to define pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease","volume":"48","author":"M Gerges","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00854-2016","article-title":"The difficult diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease in heart failure","volume":"48","author":"N Gali\u00e8","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00789-2016","article-title":"The difficult diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease in heart failure","volume":"48","author":"R Naeije","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201503-0529OC","article-title":"Pulmonary Hypertension in Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Right Ventricular Function and Survival","volume":"192","author":"M Gerges","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.12.015","article-title":"Characterization of pulmonary hypertension in heart failure using the diastolic pressure gradient: the conundrum of high and low diastolic pulmonary gradient","volume":"3","author":"C Gerges","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2013.11.008","article-title":"Prognostic value of the pre-transplant diastolic pulmonary artery pressure-to-pulmonary capillary wedge pressure gradient in cardiac transplant recipients with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"33","author":"RJ Tedford","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.07.010","article-title":"The diastolic pulmonary gradient does not predict survival in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease","volume":"3","author":"E Tampakakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.12.014","article-title":"Measurement to predict survival: the case of diastolic pulmonary gradient","volume":"3","author":"R Naeije","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.04.052","article-title":"Functional Status, Pulmonary Artery Pressure, and Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"68","author":"D Dalos","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.07.011","article-title":"Diastolic Pressure Gradient Predicts Outcome in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"66","author":"C Zotter-Tufaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.675","article-title":"Determinants and prognostic implications of the negative diastolic pulmonary pressure gradient in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease","volume":"19","author":"AI Nagy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.09.942","article-title":"Clinical and Biological Insights Into Combined Post- and Pre-Capillary Pulmonary Hypertension","volume":"68","author":"TR Assad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.860","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease: analysis of survival according to the haemodynamic classification of the 2015 ESC\/ERS guidelines and insights for future changes","volume":"20","author":"M Palazzini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2013.05.001","article-title":"Clinical features, hemodynamics, and outcomes of pulmonary hypertension due to chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: pulmonary hypertension and heart failure","volume":"1","author":"WL Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.968511","article-title":"Prognostic role of pulmonary arterial capacitance in advanced heart failure","volume":"5","author":"M Dupont","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2015.01.013","article-title":"Pulmonary Arterial Capacitance Is an Important Predictor of Mortality in Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"3","author":"N Al-Naamani","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1731","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00336.2006","article-title":"Quantification of right ventricular afterload in patients with and without pulmonary hypertension","volume":"291","author":"JW Lankhaar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.051540","article-title":"Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure augments right ventricular pulsatile loading","volume":"125","author":"RJ Tedford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1510","article-title":"Prognostic relevance of pulmonary arterial compliance in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"145","author":"P Pellegrini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"27","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","article-title":"2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"37","author":"P Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.02.337","article-title":"Estimating GFR using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine equation: more accurate GFR estimates, lower CKD prevalence estimates, and better risk predictions","volume":"55","author":"AS Levey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004450","article-title":"What We Talk About When We Talk About the Wedge Pressure","volume":"10","author":"BA Houston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Cardiac Contraction and the Pressure-Volume Relationship","author":"K Sagawa","year":"1988"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.05.010","article-title":"Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography","volume":"23","author":"LG Rudski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"28","author":"RM Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.000204","article-title":"Relationship of Right- to Left-Ventricular Filling Pressures in Advanced Heart Failure: Insights from the ESCAPE Trial","volume":"6","author":"MH Drazner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv512","article-title":"Left ventricular heart failure and pulmonary hypertension","volume":"37","author":"S Rosenkranz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2016.12.011","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension and ventilation during exercise: Role of the pre-capillary component","volume":"36","author":"S Caravita","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002358","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.114.002358","article-title":"Effect of Pulmonary Hypertension Hemodynamic Presentation on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Severe Symptomatic Aortic Valve Stenosis Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Insights From the New Proposed Pulmonary Hypertension Classification","volume":"8","author":"CJ O'Sullivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.09.002","article-title":"Characterization of pulmonary hypertension in heart failure using the diastolic pressure gradient: limitations of a solitary measurement","volume":"3","author":"NA Chatterjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2015.06.008","article-title":"The Diastolic Pressure Gradient Does Not-and Should Not-Predict Outcomes","volume":"3","author":"EL Brittain","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2015.02.002","article-title":"Reply: characterization of pulmonary hypertension in heart failure using the diastolic pressure gradient: the conundrum of high and low diastolic pulmonary gradient","volume":"3","author":"E Tampakakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.704","article-title":"Balancing the positives and negatives of the diastolic pulmonary gradient","volume":"19","author":"E Tampakakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2011.11.020","article-title":"RV dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension is independently related to pulmonary artery stiffness","volume":"5","author":"GR Stevens","year":"2012","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"2869","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a plea for proper phenotyping and further research\u2020","volume":"38","author":"MM Hoeper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"H725","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial compliance in dogs and pigs: the three-element windkessel model revisited","volume":"277","author":"P Segers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.12.1574","article-title":"Influence of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure on central apnea in heart failure","volume":"99","author":"P Solin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0199164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T03:45:29Z","timestamp":1540266329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0199164"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Lionetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0199164","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]]}}}