{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T23:12:00Z","timestamp":1772752320707,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1\/ U10DA013035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1\/ U10DA013035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1RR024143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1RR024143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P60-05130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P60-05130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-12848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-12848"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10DA013046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10DA013046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1\/U10DA013034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1\/U10DA013034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10DA013045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10DA013045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1\/U10DA013720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1\/U10DA013720"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1\/U10DA013732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1\/U10DA013732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1\/U10DA013714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1\/U10DA013714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1\/U10DA015831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1\/U10DA015831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10DA015833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10DA015833"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN271201200017C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN271201200017C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN271201500065C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN271201500065C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T13:50:32Z","timestamp":1530193832000},"page":"e0199951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A non-coding CRHR2 SNP rs255105, a cis-eQTL for a downstream lincRNA AC005154.6, is associated with heroin addiction"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5136-4184","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Orna","family":"Levran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Correa da Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Randesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Rotrosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Adelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Jeanne","family":"Kreek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122957","article-title":"The prescription opioid and heroin crisis: a public health approach to an epidemic of addiction","volume":"36","author":"A Kolodny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960920)67:5<473::AID-AJMG6>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Genetic influences on DSM-III-R drug abuse and dependence: a study of 3,372 twin pairs","volume":"67","author":"MT Tsuang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.3.261","article-title":"Illicit psychoactive substance use, heavy use, abuse, and dependence in a US population-based sample of male twins","volume":"57","author":"KS Kendler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.05030503","article-title":"Stress, dysregulation of drug reward pathways, and the transition to drug dependence","volume":"164","author":"G Koob","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.11.008","article-title":"The role of CRF and CRF-related peptides in the dark side of addiction","volume":"1314","author":"GF Koob","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2008.00410.x","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to heroin addiction: a candidate gene association study","volume":"7","author":"O Levran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2009.00501.x","article-title":"Heroin addiction in African Americans: a hypothesis-driven association study","volume":"8","author":"O Levran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/ahg.12064","article-title":"Drug addiction and stress-response genetic variability: association study in African Americans","volume":"78","author":"O Levran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.03.017","article-title":"Stress-related genes and heroin addiction: a role for a functional FKBP5 haplotype","volume":"45","author":"O Levran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75359","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075359","article-title":"Association of Polymorphisms in Pharmacogenetic Candidate Genes (OPRD1, GAL, ABCB1, OPRM1) with Opioid Dependence in European Population: A Case-Control Study","volume":"8","author":"B Beer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(92)90062-S","article-title":"The Fifth Edition of the Addiction Severity Index","volume":"9","author":"AT McLellan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00308-3","article-title":"The Kreek-McHugh-Schluger-Kellogg scale: a new, rapid method for quantifying substance abuse and its possible applications","volume":"69","author":"SH Kellogg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid relapse prevention (X:BOT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial","author":"JD Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-2495-7","article-title":"Smokescreen: a targeted genotyping array for addiction research","volume":"17","author":"JW Baurley","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/ahg.12104","article-title":"Overlapping dopaminergic pathway genetic susceptibility to heroin and cocaine addictions in African Americans","volume":"79","author":"O Levran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"Unit1.19","article-title":"Quality control procedures for genome-wide association studies","volume":"Chapter 1","author":"S Turner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3326","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts606","article-title":"A high-performance computing toolset for relatedness and principal component analysis of SNP data","volume":"28","author":"X Zheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.08071068","article-title":"Association of substance use disorders with childhood trauma but not African genetic heritage in an African American cohort","volume":"166","author":"F Ducci","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069424","article-title":"The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome","volume":"296","author":"SB Gabriel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","article-title":"PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses","volume":"81","author":"S Purcell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.204001","article-title":"Trimming, weighting, and grouping SNPs in human case-control association studies","volume":"11","author":"J Hoh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2002-0302","article-title":"Regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone type 2 receptors by multiple promoters and alternative splicing: identification of multiple splice variants","volume":"17","author":"RD Catalano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24277","article-title":"Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues","volume":"550","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.94","article-title":"Region-specific roles of the corticotropin-releasing factor-urocortin system in stress","volume":"17","author":"MJ Henckens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"69","article-title":"Stem Cells in Neuroendocrinology","author":"A Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6906","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4012-11.2012","article-title":"Susceptibility to PTSD-like behavior is mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 2 levels in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis","volume":"32","author":"M Lebow","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.09.044","article-title":"Selective CRF2 receptor agonists ameliorate the anxiety- and depression-like state developed during chronic nicotine treatment and consequent acute withdrawal in mice","volume":"1652","author":"Z Bagosi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22176","article-title":"Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR-2) gene is associated with decreased risk and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder in women","volume":"30","author":"EJ Wolf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32046","article-title":"Association of CRHR1 and CRHR2 with major depressive disorder and panic disorder in a Japanese population","volume":"159B","author":"Y Ishitobi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.03.110","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs in nervous system function and disease","volume":"1338","author":"IA Qureshi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7471-9_6","article-title":"The Emerging Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Human Disease","volume":"1706","author":"JK DiStefano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.011","article-title":"Functional Classification and Experimental Dissection of Long Noncoding RNAs","volume":"172","author":"F Kopp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.02.004","article-title":"Long Noncoding RNA-Directed Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression Is Associated With Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice","volume":"78","author":"PA Spadaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.08.014","article-title":"Genome-wide association study implicates a novel RNA gene, the lincRNA AC068718.1, as a risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder in women","volume":"38","author":"G Guffanti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.06.004","article-title":"The link between long noncoding RNAs and depression","volume":"73","author":"X Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3340","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.896927","article-title":"Aberrant Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Schizophrenia Patients","volume":"22","author":"S Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64076-5.00048-X","article-title":"Neuroepigenetics and addiction","volume":"148","author":"DM Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2012.00106","article-title":"The Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Drug Addiction","volume":"3","author":"GC Sartor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07126.x","article-title":"Mining Affymetrix microarray data for long non-coding RNAs: altered expression in the nucleus accumbens of heroin abusers","volume":"116","author":"SK Michelhaugh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2017.01.004","article-title":"Emerging roles for ncRNAs in alcohol use disorders","volume":"60","author":"RD Mayfield","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.145","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence:significant findings in African- and European-Americans including novel risk loci","volume":"19","author":"J Gelernter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13362","article-title":"Genomewide Association Study of Alcohol Dependence Identifies Risk Loci Altering Ethanol-Response Behaviors in Model Organisms","volume":"41","author":"AE Adkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0199951","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T12:05:13Z","timestamp":1540209913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0199951"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Z. Carl","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0199951","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]}}}