{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:32:32Z","timestamp":1781742752515,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T13:28:01Z","timestamp":1534339681000},"page":"e0201216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Symptom severity and mindreading in narcissistic personality disorder"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8864-4326","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elena","family":"Bilotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Carcione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Fera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Moroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Nicol\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Pedone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pellecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Semerari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Colle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.1.12","article-title":"Overview: Narcissistic personality disorder","volume":"139","author":"MD Akhtar","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"80","article-title":"American Psychiatric Press review of psychiatry","volume":"11","author":"AM Cooper","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"527","article-title":"Two subtypes of narcissistic personality disorder","volume":"53","author":"G Gabbard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bull Menninger Clin"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"25","article-title":"Narcissistic personality disorder consists of two distinct subtypes","volume":"8","author":"SP Gersten","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychiatr Times"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215","article-title":"Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder","volume":"6","author":"AL Pincus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.4.590","article-title":"Two faces of narcissism","volume":"61","author":"P Wink","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000034","article-title":"Beyond the diagnostic trait. A collaborative exploratory diagnostic process for dimension and underpinnings of narcissistic personality disorder","volume":"3","author":"EF Ronningstam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Personal Disord"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14060723","article-title":"Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Diagnostic and clinical challenges","volume":"172","author":"E Calgor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1037\/1053-0479.12.4.421","article-title":"Metacognition, states of mind, cognitive biases, and interpersonal cycles: Proposal for an integrated narcissism model","volume":"12","author":"G Dimaggio","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychother Integrat"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.11.2.167","article-title":"Narcissistic personality disorder: progress in a recognition and treatment","volume":"11","author":"EF Ronningstam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Focus"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000019","article-title":"Malignant self-regard: A self-structure enhancing the understanding of masochistic, depressive, and vulnerably narcissistic personalities","volume":"22","author":"SK Huprich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref13","author":"JN Butcher","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref14","author":"OF Kernberg","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2006.10.003","article-title":"Narcissistic personality disorder: Relations with distress and functional impairment","volume":"48","author":"JD Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1080\/00797308.1972.11822721","article-title":"Thoughts on narcissism and narcissistic rage","volume":"27","author":"H Kohut","year":"1972","journal-title":"Psychoanal Stud Child"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.01.014","article-title":"Metacognitive and interpersonal difficulties in overt and covert narcissism","volume":"50","author":"Z Given-Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"ref18","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.18.1.36.32772","article-title":"Mentalization-based treatment of BPD","volume":"18","author":"AW Bateman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.362","article-title":"How to evaluate metacognitive functioning in psychotherapy? The metacognition assessment scale and its applications","volume":"10","author":"A Semerari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00076512","article-title":"Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?","volume":"4","author":"D Premack","year":"1978","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2014.05.012","article-title":"Narcissistic disorder and the failure of symbolization: a relational affected hypothesis","volume":"83","author":"CS Mizen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"299","article-title":"Disorder of narcissism: diagnostic, clinical and empirical implications","author":"H Krystal","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1159\/000286074","article-title":"Psychosomatic illness: Problem in communication","volume":"18","author":"JC Nemiah","year":"1970","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000065","article-title":"Attachment and mentalization in female patients with comorbid narcissistic and borderline personality disorder","volume":"5","author":"D Diamond","year":"2014","journal-title":"Personal Disord"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"386","article-title":"Carcione A","volume":"14","author":"G Dimaggio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.838","article-title":"Emotional awareness among eating-disordered patients: The role of narcissistic trait","volume":"16","author":"R Lawson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(94)90197-X","article-title":"Alexithymia: Relationship to personality disorders","volume":"35","author":"M Bach","year":"1994","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.07.046","article-title":"Alexithymia in personality disorders: Correlations with symptoms and interpersonal functioning","volume":"190","author":"G Nicol\u00f2","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsu072","article-title":"Narcissists\u2019 social pain seen only in the brain","volume":"10","author":"CN Cascio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Social Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2009.07.011","article-title":"Narcissistic defensiveness: hypervigilance and avoidance of worthlessness","volume":"45","author":"S Horvath","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"120","article-title":"The stages of the intellectual-development of the child","volume":"26","author":"J Piaget","year":"1962","journal-title":"Bull Menninger Clin"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2005.04.006","article-title":"Egocentrism, allocentrism, and Asperger syndrome","volume":"14","author":"U Frith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Conscious Cognit"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/10503300500536953","article-title":"Understanding minds: Different functions and different disorders? The contribution of psychotherapy research","volume":"17","author":"A Semerari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.44.1.113","article-title":"Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach","volume":"44","author":"MH Davis","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000061","article-title":"Empathy in narcissistic personality disorder: from clinical and empirical perspectives","volume":"5","author":"A Baskin-Sommers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.09.013","article-title":"Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder","volume":"187","author":"K Ritter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-013-0441-0","article-title":"Fluid intelligence and empathy in association with personality disorder trait-scores: exploring the link","volume":"264","author":"MP Hengartner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatr Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2014.10.002","article-title":"Feeling but not caring: Empathic alteration in narcissistic men with high psychopathic traits","volume":"224","author":"LA Marcoux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.12.042","article-title":"Disturbed emotion recognition in patients in patients with narcissistic personality disorder","volume":"198","author":"MAE Merissen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1204_1","article-title":"Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model","volume":"12","author":"CC Morf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Inq"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"8","article-title":"Narcissism and Response Validity: Do Individuals With Narcissistic Features Underreport Psychopathology?","volume":"29","author":"CE Sleep","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JONB.0000039649.20015.0e","article-title":"Mind-Reading and Metacognition: Narcissism, not Actual Competence, Predicts Self-Estimated Ability","volume":"28","author":"DR Ames","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nonverbal behav"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0107-0","article-title":"Introducing MASC: a movie for the assessment of social cognition","volume":"36","author":"I Dziobek","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"159","article-title":"Brain Mapping: An Encyclopedic Reference","volume":"3","author":"L Schilbach","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref46","author":"JG Allen","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07081360","article-title":"Mentalization: ontogeny, assessment, and application in the treatment of borderline personality disorder","volume":"165","author":"LW Choi-Kain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2011.25.3.321","article-title":"Classifying personality disorder according to severity","volume":"25","author":"MJ Crawford","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2014_28_137","article-title":"Metacognitive dysfunctions in personality disorders: Correlations with disorder severity and personality styles","volume":"28","author":"A Semerari","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"ref50","author":"MB First","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref51","author":"MB First","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000536","article-title":"Mindreading Dysfunction in Avoidant Personality Disorder Compared With Other Personality Disorders","volume":"204","author":"F Moroni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"ref53","author":"LR Derogatis","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(96)00228-0","article-title":"Cross validation of the factor structure of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: An Italian multicenter study","volume":"41","author":"C Bressi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90005-1","article-title":"The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure","volume":"38","author":"RM Bagby","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"156","article-title":"Metacognition assessment interview: instrument description and factor structure","volume":"12","author":"G Pellecchia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.07.015","article-title":"The development of the Metacognition Assessment Interview: Instrument description, factor structure and reliability in a non-clinical sample","volume":"200","author":"A Semerari","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.83.1.185","article-title":"Global self-esteem in relation to structural models of personality and affectivity","volume":"83","author":"D Watson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0201216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,20]],"date-time":"2018-10-20T11:00:08Z","timestamp":1540033208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0201216"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Timo","family":"Gnambs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0201216","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]}}}