{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:03:15Z","timestamp":1791576195428,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]],"date-time":"2018-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010574","name":"Natural Reserve System, University of California","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010574","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]],"date-time":"2018-07-31T21:27:09Z","timestamp":1533072429000},"page":"e0201665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Abiotic and habitat drivers of tick vector abundance, diversity, phenology and human encounter risk in southern California"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0172-7749","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61151-9","article-title":"Drivers, dynamics, and control of emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases","volume":"380","author":"AM Kilpatrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004129","article-title":"Crossing the interspecies barrier: opening the door to zoonotic pathogens","volume":"10","author":"C Gortazar","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"514","article-title":"Climate Change and Infectious Diseases: From Evidence to a Predictive Framework","volume":"341","author":"S Altizer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Climate Change and Infectious Diseases: From Evidence to a Predictive Framework"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6877","article-title":"Unhealthy Landscapes: Policy Recommendations on Land Use Change and Infectious Disease Emergence","volume":"112","author":"JA Patz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.02.003","article-title":"Effects of environmental change on zoonotic disease risk: an ecological primer","volume":"30","author":"A Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12015","article-title":"Optimal temperature for malaria transmission is dramatically lower than previously predicted","volume":"16","author":"EA Mordecai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"5","article-title":"Linking Deforestation to Malaria in the Amazon: Characterization of the Breeding Habitat of the Principal Malaria Vector, <italic>Anopheles darlingi<\/italic>","volume":"81","author":"AY Vittor","year":"2009","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e145","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040145","article-title":"Climate, Deer, Rodents, and Acorns as Determinants of Variation in Lyme-Disease Risk","volume":"4","author":"RS Ostfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.016","article-title":"Truncated seasonal activity patterns of the western blacklegged tick (<italic>Ixodes pacificus<\/italic>) in central and southern California","volume":"7","author":"AJ MacDonald","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.05.002","article-title":"Seasonal activity patterns of the western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus, in relation to onset of human Lyme disease in northwestern California","volume":"5","author":"DJ Salkeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-38.5.684","article-title":"Life Cycle of <italic>Ixodes pacificus<\/italic> (Acari: Ixodidae): Timing of Developmental Processes Under Field and Laboratory Conditions","volume":"38","author":"KA Padgett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of medical entomology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2011.11.004","article-title":"Synchronous phenology of juvenile <italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/italic>, vertebrate host relationships, and associated patterns of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> ribotypes in the midwestern United States","volume":"3","author":"SA Hamer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.3.509","article-title":"Detection and identification of spotted fever group rickettsiae in Dermacentor species from southern California","volume":"45","author":"ME Wikswo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of medical entomology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1604318","article-title":"Lyme disease in California\u2014a novel enzootic transmission cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"256","author":"RN Brown","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040082","article-title":"West Nile Virus Epidemics in North America Are Driven by Shifts in Mosquito Feeding Behavior","volume":"4","author":"AM Kilpatrick","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1603\/0046-225X-32.5.1010","article-title":"Environmentally related variability in risk of exposure to Lyme disease spirochetes in northern California: Effect of climatic conditions and habitat type","volume":"32","author":"RJ Eisen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environmental Entomology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2002.00372.x","article-title":"Seasonal activity patterns of Ixodes pacificus nymphs in relation to climatic conditions","volume":"16","author":"L Eisen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjw076","article-title":"Modeling the Geographic Distribution of Ixodes scapularisand Ixodes pacificus(Acari: Ixodidae) in the Contiguous United States","volume":"53","author":"MB Hahn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of medical entomology"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"42","article-title":"Modeling Climate Suitability of the Western Blacklegged Tick in California","volume":"22","author":"RJ Eisen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of medical entomology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.2.415","article-title":"Geographical distribution patterns and habitat suitability models for presence of host-seeking ixodid ticks in dense woodlands of Mendocino County, California","volume":"43","author":"L Eisen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of medical entomology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110853","article-title":"Large Scale Spatial Risk and Comparative Prevalence of Borrelia miyamotoi and Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Ixodes pacificus","volume":"9","author":"K Padgett","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Vector-Borne Disease Section CDOPH. Annual Report Vector-Borne Disease Section Infectious Diseases Branch Division of Communicable Disease Control Center for Infectious Diseases California Department of Public Health. Available at: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/Programs\/CID\/DCDC\/Pages\/VBDSAnnualReports.aspx\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/Programs\/CID\/DCDC\/Pages\/VBDSAnnualReports.aspx<\/ext-link>. 2015;: 1\u201343."},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lyme disease risk in southern California: abiotic and environmental drivers of Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) density and infection prevalence with Borrelia burgdorferi","author":"AJ MacDonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors. Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02227","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.2227","article-title":"Risk of vector tick exposure initially increases, then declines through time in response to wildfire in California","volume":"9","author":"AJ MacDonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.02.005","article-title":"Eco-epidemiological factors contributing to the low risk of human exposure to ixodid tick-borne borreliae in southern California, USA","volume":"4","author":"RS Lane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e110853","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110853","article-title":"Large Scale Spatial Risk and Comparative Prevalence of Borrelia miyamotoi and Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Ixodes pacificus","volume":"9","author":"K Padgett","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"25","article-title":"Bulletin of the California Insect Survey","author":"DP Furman","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1603\/ME10131","article-title":"Influence of Abiotic and Environmental Factors on the Density and Infection Prevalence of <italic>Ixodes pacificus<\/italic> (Acari: Ixodidae) With <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"48","author":"A Swei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of medical entomology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2008.16881.x","article-title":"Partial least squares regression as an alternative to current regression methods used in ecology","volume":"118","author":"LM Carrascal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"1","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanchez G. plsdepot: Partial Least Squares (PLS) Data Analysis Methods. R package version 0.1.17. URL: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=plsdepot\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=plsdepot<\/ext-link>; 2012 Aug pp. 1\u20131.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.plsdepot"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.899","article-title":"Molecular Characterization of <italic>Rickettsia rickettsii<\/italic> Isolated from Human Clinical Samples and from the Rabbit Tick <italic>Haemaphysalis leporispalustris<\/italic> Collected at Different Geographic Zones in Costa Rica","volume":"79","author":"L Hun","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.3.636","article-title":"Discovery of an enzootic cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi in Neotoma mexicana and Ixodes spinipalpis from northern Colorado, an area where Lyme disease is nonendemic","volume":"170","author":"GO Maupin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.293","article-title":"Use of a sentinel host system to study the questing behavior of Ixodes spinipalpis and its role in the transmission of Borrelia bissettii, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, and Babesia microti","volume":"65","author":"TR Burkot","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3258.1","article-title":"Observations on Questing Activity of Adult Ixodes brunneusKoch (Acari: Ixodidae) in Mississippi","volume":"99","author":"J Goddard","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-40.1.103","article-title":"Host Associations and Seasonal Occurrence of Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, Ixodes brunneus, I. cookei, I. dentatus, and I. texanus(Acari: Ixodidae) in Southeastern Missouri","volume":"40","author":"TM Kollars","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of medical entomology"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12422","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404500101","article-title":"Emissions pathways, climate change, and impacts on California","volume":"101","author":"K Hayhoe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-007-9377-6","article-title":"Climate change scenarios for the California region","volume":"87","author":"DR Cayan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1422385112","article-title":"Anthropogenic warming has increased drought risk in California","volume":"112","author":"NS Diffenbaugh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences6030037","article-title":"Climate Change and Future Fire Regimes: Examples from California","volume":"6","author":"J Keeley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geosciences"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.08.014","article-title":"Monitoring conterminous United States (CONUS) land cover change with Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD)","volume":"140","author":"MC Hansen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2310.170309","article-title":"Fatal Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever along the United States\u2013Mexico Border, 2013\u20132016","volume":"23","author":"NA Drexler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerging infectious diseases"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.12.013","article-title":"A dynamic population model to investigate effects of climate on geographic range and seasonality of the tick Ixodes scapularis","volume":"35","author":"NH Ogden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.08.016","article-title":"Climate change and the potential for range expansion of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis in Canada","volume":"36","author":"NH Ogden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2008.06.020","article-title":"Projected effects of climate change on tick phenology and fitness of pathogens transmitted by the North American tick <italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/italic>","volume":"254","author":"NH Ogden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307799","article-title":"Estimated Effects of Projected Climate Change on the Basic Reproductive Number of the Lyme Disease Vector <italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/italic>","volume":"122","author":"NH Ogden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0201665","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T20:55:02Z","timestamp":1720472102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0201665"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ulrike Gertrud","family":"Munderloh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0201665","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]}}}