{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:33:04Z","timestamp":1793377984459,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]],"date-time":"2018-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000180","name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EMW-2013-FP-00766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMW-2013-FP-00766"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]],"date-time":"2018-08-21T13:24:01Z","timestamp":1534857841000},"page":"e0201830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Exposure to a firefighting overhaul environment without respiratory protection increases immune dysregulation and lung disease risk"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Gainey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin P.","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert E.","family":"Towers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maci L.","family":"Oelschlager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent L.","family":"Tir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1401-8311","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jenny","family":"Drnevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth W.","family":"Fent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Kerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1368-4117","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gregory G.","family":"Freund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Boorady LM, Barker J, Lee Y-A, Lin S-H, Cho E, Ashdown SP. Exploration of Firefighter Bunker Gear Part 2: Assessing the Needs of the Female Firefighter [Internet]. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu\/index.php\/JTATM\/article\/viewFile\/3763\/2273\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu\/index.php\/JTATM\/article\/viewFile\/3763\/2273<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101662","article-title":"Mortality and cancer incidence in a pooled cohort of US firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia (1950\u20132009)","volume":"71","author":"RD Daniels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000246229.68697.90","article-title":"Cancer Risk Among Firefighters: A Review and Meta-analysis of 32 Studies","volume":"48","author":"GK LeMasters","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Haynes HJG. Fire Loss in the United States During 2016 [Internet]. 2017. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.nfpa.research\" xlink:type=\"simple\">www.nfpa.research<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12745","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b02850","article-title":"Elevated Exposures to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Other Organic Mutagens in Ottawa Firefighters Participating in Emergency, On-Shift Fire Suppression","volume":"51","author":"JLA Keir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxx097","article-title":"Impact of Fire Suit Ensembles on Firefighter PAH Exposures as Assessed by Skin Deposition and Urinary Biomarkers","volume":"62","author":"H Wingfors","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Heal. Oxford University Press"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"830","article-title":"Systemic Exposure to PAHs and Benzene in Firefighters Suppressing Controlled Structure Fires","volume":"58","author":"KW Fent","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.044","article-title":"Cardiovascular Manifestations of Moderate to Severe Carbon Monoxide Poisoning","volume":"45","author":"D Satran","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1984.10545871","article-title":"Intoxication by cyanide in fires: a study in monkeys using polyacrylonitrile","volume":"39","author":"DA Purser","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Meeting (2007 : Lyon F, International Agency for Research on Cancer. Painting, firefighting, and shiftwork. International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2010."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200105000-00007","article-title":"Adverse respiratory effects following overhaul in firefighters","volume":"43","author":"JL Burgess","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2017.1334904","article-title":"Contamination of firefighter personal protective equipment and skin and the effectiveness of decontamination procedures","volume":"14","author":"KW Fent","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.06.864","article-title":"Fire fighting trainers\u2019 exposure to carcinogenic agents in smoke diving simulators","volume":"192","author":"J Laitinen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2008.10.007","article-title":"Personal protective clothing and safety of firefighters near a high intensity fire front","volume":"44","author":"AM Raimundo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fire Saf J. Elsevier"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D85","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2014.890286","article-title":"Exposure of Firefighters to Particulates and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons","volume":"11","author":"CS Baxter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1202\/0002-8894(2000)061<0636:COFEDF>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Characterization of firefighter exposures during fire overhaul","volume":"61","author":"DM Bolstad-Johnson","journal-title":"AIHAJ"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"581","article-title":"ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF FIREFIGHTERS","volume":"35","author":"J JANKOVIC","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg. Oxford University Press"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10023","article-title":"Municipal firefighter exposure groups, time spent at fires and use of self-contained-breathing-apparatus","volume":"40","author":"CC Austin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med. Wiley-Blackwell"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0308-303","article-title":"What is principal component analysis?","volume":"26","author":"M Ringn\u00e9r","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol. Nature Publishing Group"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18718","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808709105","article-title":"A general framework for multiple testing dependence","volume":"105","author":"JT Leek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e161","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030161","article-title":"Capturing Heterogeneity in Gene Expression Studies by Surrogate Variable Analysis","volume":"3","author":"JT Leek","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Genet. Public Library of Science"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts034","article-title":"The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted variation in high-throughput experiments","volume":"28","author":"JT Leek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2202\/1544-6115.1027","article-title":"Linear Models and Empirical Bayes Methods for Assessing Differential Expression in Microarray Experiments","volume":"3","author":"GK Smyth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","article-title":"limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies","volume":"43","author":"ME Ritchie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res. Oxford University Press"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R29","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-2-r29","article-title":"voom: precision weights unlock linear model analysis tools for RNA-seq read counts","volume":"15","author":"CW Law","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol. BioMed Central"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"289","article-title":"Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological). WileyRoyal Statistical Society"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3252","article-title":"Orchestrating high-throughput genomic analysis with Bioconductor","volume":"12","author":"W Huber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl567","article-title":"Using GOstats to test gene lists for GO term association","volume":"23","author":"S Falcon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"The calpain family and human disease","author":"Y Huang","year":"2001","journal-title":"TRENDS in Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-07-587790","article-title":"Two types of BCR interactions are positively selected during leukemia development in the E -TCL1 transgenic mouse model of CLL","volume":"125","author":"S Iacovelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13057","article-title":"Synergistic activity of Card11 mutant and Bcl6 in the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a mouse model","volume":"107","author":"T Takahara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Sci. Wiley-Blackwell"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3578","article-title":"Suppression by TFR cells leads to durable and selective inhibition of B cell effector function","volume":"17","author":"PT Sage","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol. Nature Publishing Group"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"373","article-title":"Genomic Instability in B-Cells and Diversity of Recombinations That Activate c-myc","author":"S Janz","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0510315","article-title":"CD137 ligand, a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, regulates immune responses via reverse signal transduction","volume":"89","author":"Z Shao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol. Wiley-Blackwell"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-005-5637-2","article-title":"Mutational Analysis of Human BAFF Receptor TNFRSF13C (BAFF-R) in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency","volume":"25","author":"CG Losi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"2215","article-title":"Up-regulation of the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in lung adenocarcinoma and its correlation with inflammation and other clinical features","volume":"123","author":"Y Su","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2014.10.002","article-title":"Pathway-based Analysis Tools for Complex Diseases: A Review","volume":"12","author":"L Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0b013e318215c105","article-title":"Cardiovascular Disease in US Firefighters","volume":"19","author":"ES Soteriades","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060357","article-title":"Emergency Duties and Deaths from Heart Disease among Firefighters in the United States","volume":"356","author":"SN Kales","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700090404","article-title":"Acute effects of routine firefighting on lung function","volume":"9","author":"D Sheppard","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med. Wiley-Blackwell"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"789","article-title":"Pulmonary effects of firefighting","volume":"10","author":"CH Scannell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700180106","article-title":"Cancer incidence among massachusetts firefighters, 1982\u20131986","volume":"18","author":"SR Sama","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med. Wiley-Blackwell"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102230","article-title":"Firefighters and cancer: Where are we and where to now?","volume":"71","author":"L Fritschi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med. BMJ Publishing Group"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7828-1_13","article-title":"Mouse Testing Methods in Psychoneuroimmunology 2.0: Measuring Behavioral Responses","author":"AE Towers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, NJ)"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6793-10-2","article-title":"Different stress-related phenotypes of BALB\/c mice from in-house or vendor: alterations of the sympathetic and HPA axis responsiveness","volume":"10","author":"J Olfe","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Physiol. BioMed Central"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62412","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062412","article-title":"Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis Induces a Unique Pulmonary Inflammatory Response: Role of Bacterial Gene Expression in Temporal Regulation of Host Defense Responses","volume":"8","author":"K-A Walters","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One. Public Library of Science"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: When the immune system subjugates the brain","volume":"9","author":"R Dantzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1263","article-title":"Clinical impact of different classes of infiltrating T cytotoxic and helper cells (Th1, th2, treg, th17) in patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"71","author":"M Tosolini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res. American Association for Cancer Research"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22317","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022317","article-title":"Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein-3 (CRISP3) Is Strongly Up-Regulated in Prostate Carcinomas with the TMPRSS2-ERG Fusion Gene","volume":"6","author":"FR Ribeiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One. Public Library of Science"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700230608","article-title":"Mortality of urban firefighters in alberta, 1927\u20131987","volume":"23","author":"TL Guidotti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med. Wiley-Blackwell"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20669","article-title":"Prevalence and risk of asthma symptoms among firefighters in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil: A population-based study","volume":"52","author":"M Ribeiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med. Wiley-Blackwell"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Criteria for a recommended standard\u2026 occupational exposure to carbon monoxide","year":"1972","journal-title":"Criteria for a recommended standard\u2026 occupational exposure to carbon monoxide"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Patty\u2019s industrial hygiene and toxicology","author":"GD Clayton","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2015.1025135","article-title":"Volatile Organic Compounds Off-gassing from Firefighters\u2019 Personal Protective Equipment Ensembles after Use","volume":"12","author":"KW Fent","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0201830","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T10:39:51Z","timestamp":1540204791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0201830"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Amarjit","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0201830","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]]}}}