{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T06:00:37Z","timestamp":1773036037508,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]],"date-time":"2018-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]],"date-time":"2018-08-23T17:44:48Z","timestamp":1535046288000},"page":"e0202567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association between increased plasma levels of homocysteine and depression observed in individuals with primary lactose malabsorption"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1173-0928","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dietmar","family":"Enko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Meinitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Brandmayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Halwachs-Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang J.","family":"Schnedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gernot","family":"Kriegsh\u00e4user","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2007.356","article-title":"The role of hyperhomocysteinemia and B-vitamin deficiency in neurological and psychiatric diseases","volume":"45","author":"R Obeid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2005.06.021","article-title":"Homocysteine and folate metabolism in depression","volume":"29","author":"T Bottiglieri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7352.1512","article-title":"Folic acid, ageing, depression, and dementia","volume":"324","author":"EH Reynolds","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S103","article-title":"Folate and vitamin B12 metabolism: overview and interaction with riboflavin, vitamin B6, and polymorphisms","volume":"29","author":"B Shane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2848-2","article-title":"Serum levels of homocysteine at admission are associated with post-stroke depression in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"38","author":"Y Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.04.018","article-title":"Association of serum homocysteine with major depressive disorder: results from a large population-based study","volume":"38","author":"H Nabi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.3.426","article-title":"Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in major depressive disorder","volume":"154","author":"M Fava","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12145","article-title":"Homocysteine excess: delineating the possible mechanism of neurotoxicity and depression","volume":"29","author":"P Bhatia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1159\/000068692","article-title":"Depression and folate status in the US Population","volume":"72","author":"MS Morris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145705005195","article-title":"The relationship between serum folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine levels in major depressive disorder and the timing of improvement with fluoxetine","volume":"8","author":"GI Papakostas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-145","article-title":"Association between vitamin b12 levels and melancholic depressive symptoms: a Finnish population-based study","volume":"13","author":"J Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02229.x","article-title":"Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and depressive symptoms in a population sample of older Chinese adults","volume":"57","author":"TP Ng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106625","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106625","article-title":"Hyperhomocysteinemia is a result, rather than a cause, of depression under chronic stress","volume":"9","author":"S Chengfeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.10.007","article-title":"Depressive symptoms may explain elevated plasma levels of homocysteine in females with eating disorders","volume":"42","author":"H Frieling","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.11.2013","article-title":"Fructose malabsorption is associated with lower plasma folic acid concentrations in middle-aged subjects","volume":"45","author":"M Ledochowski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026654820461","article-title":"Lactose malabsorption is associated with early signs of mental depression in females: a preliminary report","volume":"43","author":"M Ledochowski","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v3.i3.29","article-title":"Lactose malabsorption and intolerance: What should be the best clinical management?","volume":"3","author":"P Usai-Satta","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/ng826","article-title":"Identification of a variant associated with adult-type hypolactasia","volume":"30","author":"NS Enattah","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.66","article-title":"Assessment of vitamin D status and serum CrossLaps levels in adults with primary lactose malabsorption","volume":"70","author":"D Enko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199901)55:1<117::AID-JCLP12>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Dimensions of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in clinically depressed outpatients","volume":"55","author":"RA Steer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464382","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/464382","article-title":"Lactose malabsorption testing in daily clinical practice: a critical retrospective analysis and comparison of the hydrogen\/methane breath test and genetic test (c\/t-13910 polymorphism) results","volume":"2014","author":"D Enko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"AS Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8613033","article-title":"Folate synthesized by bacteria in the human upper small intestine is assimilated by the host","volume":"110","author":"E Camilo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2007.0663","article-title":"Folate and unipolar depression","volume":"14","author":"DW Morris","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.1999.00572.x","article-title":"Folate levels in psychiatric outpatients","volume":"53","author":"A Herr\u00e1n","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.2.228","article-title":"Homocysteine, folate, methylation, and monoamine metabolism in depression","volume":"69","author":"T Bottiglieri","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.614","article-title":"Folic acid: neurochemistry, metabolism and relationship to depression","volume":"19","author":"RT Paul","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1080\/01639360903417181","article-title":"Natural food folate and late-life depression","volume":"28","author":"ME Payne","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr Elder"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0639","article-title":"Red cell or serum folate: what to do in clinical practice?","volume":"51","author":"CJ Farrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.6.618","article-title":"Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and the MTHFR 677C-&gt;T polymorphism in anxiety and depression: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study","volume":"60","author":"I Bjelland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.039511","article-title":"Predictive value of folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in late-life depression","volume":"192","author":"JM Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1574","article-title":"Association between depressive symptoms and serum concentrations of homocysteine in men: a population based study","volume":"80","author":"T Tolmunen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m07223","article-title":"Relationship between serum homocysteine levels and depressive symptoms: the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study","volume":"73","author":"P Gu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.07.019","article-title":"The association of folate and depression: A meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"A Bender","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0202567","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T05:19:29Z","timestamp":1604812769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0202567"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Juan J","family":"Loor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0202567","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]]}}}