{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:33:38Z","timestamp":1793370818425,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health and Family Welfare, Chandigarh Administration","award":["No. MH-IV-2008\/27\/3\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. MH-IV-2008\/27\/3\/18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T13:32:44Z","timestamp":1539091964000},"page":"e0203209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Contribution of social factors to maternal deaths in urban India: Use of care pathway and delay models"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Manmeet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3877-9956","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Madhu","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijin","family":"Pandara Purayil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkatesan","family":"Chakrapani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","first-page":"272","article-title":"Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population within developing countries: an overview","volume":"10","author":"DR Gwatkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Maternal mortality\u2014Fact sheet 2016, November [cited 2017 July 5]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs348\/en\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs348\/en\/<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Partnership for Maternal Newborn and Child Health [cited 2016 June]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/pmnch\/en\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/pmnch\/en\/<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Success factors for women and children\u2019s health. Policy and program highlights from 10 fast-track countries. 2014."},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"United Nations. Sustainable Development Goal 3 2017 [cited 2017 August 5]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/sustainabledevelopment.un.org\/sdg3\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/sustainabledevelopment.un.org\/sdg3<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"9822","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60474-7","article-title":"Disparities in interventions for child and maternal mortality","volume":"379","author":"RL Goldenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0150537","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150537","article-title":"Effectiveness of Multiple-Strategy Community Intervention in Reducing Geographical, Socioeconomic and Gender Based Inequalities in Maternal and Child Health Outcomes in Haryana, India","volume":"11","author":"M Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0170175","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170175","article-title":"Impact of a Multi-Strategy Community Intervention to Reduce Maternal and Child Health Inequalities in India: A Qualitative Study in Haryana","volume":"12","author":"M Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44931","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044931","article-title":"Inequalities in advice provided by public health workers to women during antenatal sessions in rural India","volume":"7","author":"A Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37037","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037037","article-title":"Socio-economic inequalities in the use of postnatal care in India","volume":"7","author":"A Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83331","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083331","article-title":"Maternal mortality in India: causes and healthcare service use based on a nationally representative survey","volume":"9","author":"AL Montgomery","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Seminars in perinatology","author":"J Schiffman","year":"2010"},{"issue":"9642","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61407-5","article-title":"Alma-Ata: Rebirth and Revision 6: Interventions to address maternal, newborn, and child survival: what difference can integrated primary health care strategies make?","volume":"372","author":"ZA Bhutta","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52090","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052090","article-title":"Piecing together the maternal death puzzle through narratives: the three delays model revisited","volume":"7","author":"VC Thorsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90226-7","article-title":"Too far to walk: maternal mortality in context","volume":"38","author":"S Thaddeus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Social science & medicine"},{"issue":"s4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13001","article-title":"Maternal death review in selected countries of South East Asia Region","volume":"121","author":"A Mathur","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.146571","article-title":"Applying the lessons of maternal mortality reduction to global emergency health","volume":"93","author":"EJ Calvello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(97)10018-1","article-title":"The \u201cthree delays\u201d as a framework for examining maternal mortality in Haiti","volume":"46","author":"D Barnes-Josiah","year":"1998","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner I. Census data Chandigarh [23 August 2017]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.censusindia.gov.in\/pca\/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=45464\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.censusindia.gov.in\/pca\/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=45464<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Chandigarh. Chandigarh The city beautiful [cited 2017 July 11]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/chandigarh.gov.in\/knowchd_general.htm\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/chandigarh.gov.in\/knowchd_general.htm<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1108\/IJMHSC-03-2014-0010","article-title":"Inequity in access to health services between migrants and natives of Chandigarh, India","volume":"11","author":"M Kaur","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"School of Public Health. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Eduaction and Research. Improving monitorable indicators of reproductive and child health. 2016."},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"District Level Household and Facility Survey-3","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"International Institute of Population Sciences. National Family Health Survey\u20144, 2015\u201316. 2016."},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International standard verbal autopsy questionnaires. [cited 2017 July 11]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/healthinfo\/statistics\/verbal_autopsy_standards2.pdf?ua=1\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/healthinfo\/statistics\/verbal_autopsy_standards2.pdf?ua=1<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"World Health Organization. ICD-10 Version:2010; International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision [cited 2017 July 5]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/apps.who.int\/classifications\/icd10\/browse\/2010\/en\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/apps.who.int\/classifications\/icd10\/browse\/2010\/en<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483384436","article-title":"Applied Thematic Analysis","author":"G Guest","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.2556282","article-title":"Process-tracing methods: Foundations and guidelines","author":"D Beach","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1258\/jicp.2010.010019","article-title":"An overview on the history and concept of care pathways as complex interventions","volume":"14","author":"K Vanhaecht","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Care Pathways"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"USGS National Map Viewer. Available at <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/viewer.nationalmap.gov\/viewer\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/viewer.nationalmap.gov\/viewer\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed 21 September 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0146161","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146161","article-title":"Reasons for preference of home delivery with traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in rural Bangladesh: a qualitative exploration","volume":"11","author":"BK Sarker","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare, Government of India. Annual Report 2013\u201314."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572116637721","article-title":"Determinants of Persistent Anemia in Poor, Urban Pregnant Women of Chandigarh City, North India: A Mixed Method Approach","volume":"37","author":"NG Diamond-Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food and nutrition bulletin"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Dhaliwal T. Undue delay in launch of \u2018108\u2019 ambulance service in Chandigarh Hindustan Times. 2015 December 08, 2015."},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare, Government of India. A Strategic Approach to Reporoductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) in India. 2013."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20170385","article-title":"Factors influencing Janani Suraksha Yojana utilization in a northern city of India","volume":"6","author":"S Goel","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare, Government of India. National Urban Health Mission Framework for Implementation. 2013. [cited 2018 July 23]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/nhm.gov.in\/images\/pdf\/NUHM\/Implementation_Framework_NUHM.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/nhm.gov.in\/images\/pdf\/NUHM\/Implementation_Framework_NUHM.pdf<\/ext-link>"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0203209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T12:48:27Z","timestamp":1540298907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0203209"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Leone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0203209","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]}}}