{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:25:06Z","timestamp":1780590306163,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AID-674-A-12-00029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID-674-A-12-00029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T17:34:59Z","timestamp":1539279299000},"page":"e0203921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Costs and cost-effectiveness of LEEP versus cryotherapy for treating cervical dysplasia among HIV-positive women in Johannesburg, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Naomi","family":"Lince-Deroche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"van Rensburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaqueline","family":"Roseleur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Busola","family":"Sanusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Phiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pam","family":"Michelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Firnhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30749","article-title":"Cervical cancer risk and impact of Pap-based screening in HIV-positive women on antiretroviral therapy in Johannesburg, South Africa","volume":"141","author":"E Rohner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J cancer"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.51.2.96","article-title":"Aetiology, pathogenesis, and pathology of cervical neoplasia","volume":"51","author":"MJ Arends","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(07)60004-6","article-title":"The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infection and its association with cervical cancer","volume":"94","author":"FX Bosch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1155\/S1064744999000253","article-title":"A matched prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus serostatus, human papillomavirus DNA, and cervical lesions detected by cytology and colposcopy","volume":"7","author":"LO Eckert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.111791","article-title":"Human papillomavirus-associated cervical cytologic abnormalities among women with or at risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"184","author":"A Duerr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01981-07","article-title":"Cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in South African women: implications for HPV screening and vaccine strategies","volume":"46","author":"B Allan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"UNAIDS. South Africa: HIV and AIDS estimates (2015) [Internet]. 2016 [cited 6 Nov 2016]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/regionscountries\/countries\/southafrica\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/regionscountries\/countries\/southafrica<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"South African National Department of Health. The 2012 National Antenatal Sentinel HIV &amp; Herpes Simplex Type-2 Prevalence Surveyin South Africa [Internet]. Pretoria, South Africa; 2013. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.health-e.org.za\/wp\u2026\/ASHIVHerp_Report2014_22May2014.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">www.health-e.org.za\/wp\u2026\/ASHIVHerp_Report2014_22May2014.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"2","article-title":"Validation of Cervical Cancer Screening Methods in HIV Positive Women from Johannesburg South Africa","volume":"8","author":"C Firnhaber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Validation of Cervical Cancer Screening Methods in HIV Positive Women from Johannesburg South Africa"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. GLOBOCAN 2012: Estimated Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012 [Internet]. 2012 [cited 19 May 2016]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/globocan.iarc.fr\/Pages\/fact_sheets_population.aspx\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/globocan.iarc.fr\/Pages\/fact_sheets_population.aspx<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"South African National Department of Health. National Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening Programme. Pretoria; 2002."},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"South African National Department of Health. Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Policy. Pretoria, South Africa; 2017."},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Health Systems Trust. Medical scheme coverage (%) 1995\u20132014 [Internet]. [cited 30 Jun 2016]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/indicators.hst.org.za\/healthstats\/77\/data\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/indicators.hst.org.za\/healthstats\/77\/data<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"South African National Department of Health. Clinical Guidelines for the Management of HIV &amp; AIDS in Adults and Adolescents. Pretoria; 2010."},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Colposcopy and Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Beginners\u2019 Manual [Internet]","author":"JW Sellors","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lyon"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.17.2173","article-title":"Screen-and-Treat Approaches for Cervical Cancer Prevention in Low-Resource Settings: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"294","author":"L Denny","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.03.022","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial comparing cervical dysplasia treatment with cryotherapy versus LEEP in HIV-seropositive women from Johannesburg, South Africa","volume":"217","author":"JS Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obs Gyne"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Department of Public Service and Administration: Republic of South Africa. Salary scales, with translation keys, for employees on salary levels 1 to 12 and those employees covered by Occupation Specific Dispensations (OSDs) [Internet]. Pretoria: Government Printing Office; 2015. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.dpsa.gov.za\/dpsa2g\/r_documents.asp\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.dpsa.gov.za\/dpsa2g\/r_documents.asp<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Department of Health-Republic of South Africa. Single Exit Price Documents [Internet]. 2015 [cited 1 Jan 2015]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.health.gov.za\/index.php\/single-exit-price-documents\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.health.gov.za\/index.php\/single-exit-price-documents<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"National Health Laboratory Service. State Pricing List: 2014\u20132015. Johannesburg, South Africa; 2014."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"South African Revenue Service. Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962. Binding General Ruling (Income Tax): No. 7, Wear-and-tear or depreciation allowance. South Africa; 2012."},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Third","author":"MF Drummond","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"International Monetary Fund. Consumer Price Index. In: World Economic Outlook Database [Internet]. [cited 9 Apr 2015]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/weo\/2014\/02\/weodata\/index.aspx\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/weo\/2014\/02\/weodata\/index.aspx<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Oanda. Historical exchange rate USD-ZAR, 1\/1\/2015\u201312\/31\/2015 [Internet]. 2015."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0141969","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141969","article-title":"Costs and Cost Effectiveness of Three Approaches for Cervical Cancer Screening among HIV-Positive Women in Johannesburg, South Africa","volume":"10","author":"N Lince-Deroche","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2013.02.010","article-title":"Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement","volume":"16","author":"D Husereau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Value Heal"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.584","article-title":"The death of cost-minimization analysis?","volume":"10","author":"AH Briggs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"District Health Barometer 2014\/15","author":"N van Schaik","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 2003","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-016-0306-6","article-title":"Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective","volume":"16","author":"S Finocchario-Kessler","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health. England"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02722.x","article-title":"Costs of cervical cancer screening and treatment using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy in Ghana: the importance of scale","volume":"16","author":"W Quentin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Heal TM IH"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-123","article-title":"Estimation of the costs of cervical cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment in rural Shanxi Province, China: a micro-costing study","volume":"12","author":"J-F Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res. England"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. Cervical Cancer: Estimated incidence, mortality, and prevalence worldwide in 2012. In: GLOBOCAN 2012: Estimated Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide [Internet]. 2012. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/globocan.iarc.fr\/Pages\/fact_sheets_cancer.aspx\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/globocan.iarc.fr\/Pages\/fact_sheets_cancer.aspx<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Centeres for Disease Control and Prevention. The Global Burden of Cancer [Internet]. 2016 [cited 26 Jan 2016]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cancer\/international\/burden.htm\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cancer\/international\/burden.htm<\/ext-link>"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212391","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549929600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0203921","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T09:02:39Z","timestamp":1589014959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0203921"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Graciela","family":"Andrei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0203921","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212391","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]}}}