{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T21:28:06Z","timestamp":1789939686482,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4DP2-HD075699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4DP2-HD075699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T19:06:02Z","timestamp":1540407962000},"page":"e0206330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Natural history of postnatal rhesus cytomegalovirus shedding by dams and acquisition by infant rhesus monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Amitinder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8296-8645","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Itell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Peek","family":"Ehlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Varner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5743-3606","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soren","family":"Gantt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1438-4554","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sallie R.","family":"Permar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1086\/508173","article-title":"Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the United States, 1988\u20131994","volume":"43","author":"SA Staras","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00062-12","article-title":"The "silent" global burden of congenital cytomegalovirus","volume":"26","author":"S Manicklal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.4.760","article-title":"The molecular epidemiology of cytomegalovirus transmission among children attending a day care center","volume":"152","author":"SP Adler","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198503000-00008","article-title":"Epidemiology of cytomegalovirus infections in young children: day care vs. home care","volume":"4","author":"C Hutto","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatric infectious disease"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/151.5.953","article-title":"Cytomegaloviral infections in infant-toddler centers: centers for the developmentally delayed versus regular day care","volume":"151","author":"LA Jones","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"245","article-title":"Day care centers and transmission of cytomegalovirus: new insight into an old problem","volume":"1","author":"RF Pass","year":"1990","journal-title":"Seminars in pediatric infectious diseases"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605293142204","article-title":"Increased rate of cytomegalovirus infection among parents of children attending day-care centers","volume":"314","author":"RF Pass","year":"1986","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.74.1.121","article-title":"Increased frequency of cytomegalovirus infection in children in group day care","volume":"74","author":"RF Pass","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198705283162203","article-title":"Young children as a probable source of maternal and congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"316","author":"RF Pass","year":"1987","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/151.5.948","article-title":"Acquisition of cytomegaloviral infections in families with young children: a serological study","volume":"151","author":"LH Taber","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"9255","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04043-5","article-title":"Epidemiology of transmission of cytomegalovirus from mother to preterm infant by breastfeeding","volume":"357","author":"K Hamprecht","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw076","article-title":"Prospective Characterization of the Risk Factors for Transmission and Symptoms of Primary Human Herpesvirus Infections Among Ugandan Infants","volume":"214","author":"S Gantt","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199801000-00012","article-title":"Transmission of cytomegalovirus to preterm infants through breast milk","volume":"17","author":"M Vochem","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Pediatric infectious disease journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.09.042","article-title":"Priorities for CMV vaccine development","volume":"32","author":"PR Krause","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/138.2.197","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection in guinea pigs. II. Transplacental and horizontal transmission","volume":"138","author":"YC Choi","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2009.210","article-title":"Development of cytomegalovirus-mediated sensorineural hearing loss in a Guinea pig model","volume":"136","author":"AH Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of otolaryngology\u2014head & neck surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.10.8","article-title":"Guinea Pig Cytomegalovirus (GPCMV): A Model for the Study of the Prevention and Treatment of Maternal-Fetal Transmission","volume":"5","author":"MR Schleiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Future virology"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.027789-0","article-title":"Re-evaluation of the genome sequence of guinea pig cytomegalovirus","volume":"92","author":"K Kanai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4179","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.8.4179-4182.2006","article-title":"Genomic sequence of rhesus cytomegalovirus 180.92: insights into the coding potential of rhesus cytomegalovirus","volume":"80","author":"P Rivailler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-007-0073-y","article-title":"Rhesus CMV: an emerging animal model for human CMV","volume":"197","author":"C Powers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medical microbiology and immunology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.08.005","article-title":"Rhesus monkeys for a nonhuman primate model of cytomegalovirus infections","volume":"25","author":"HL Itell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current opinion in virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.47.1.49","article-title":"Nonhuman primate models of intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"47","author":"PA Barry","year":"2006","journal-title":"ILAR journal"},{"issue":"44","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13645","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1511526112","article-title":"Maternal CD4+ T cells protect against severe congenital cytomegalovirus disease in a novel nonhuman primate model of placental cytomegalovirus transmission","volume":"112","author":"KM Bialas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.94002","article-title":"Preexisting antibodies can protect against congenital cytomegalovirus infection in monkeys","volume":"2","author":"CS Nelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00883-10","article-title":"Vaccine-induced control of viral shedding following rhesus cytomegalovirus challenge in rhesus macaques","volume":"85","author":"K Abel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1206.060030","article-title":"Temple monkeys and health implications of commensalism, Kathmandu, Nepal","volume":"12","author":"L Jones-Engel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerging infectious diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1982.tb00007.x","article-title":"Natural and experimental simian cytomegalovirus infections at a primate center","volume":"11","author":"NS Swack","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of medical primatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw442","article-title":"Dynamics of Persistent Oral Cytomegalovirus Shedding During Primary Infection in Ugandan Infants","volume":"214","author":"BT Mayer","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18808-0","article-title":"Differential detection of B virus and rhesus cytomegalovirus in rhesus macaques","volume":"84","author":"JL Huff","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of general virology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu215","article-title":"Postnatal acquisition of primary rhesus cytomegalovirus infection is associated with prolonged virus shedding and impaired CD4+ T lymphocyte function","volume":"210","author":"P Antoine","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-145-37897","article-title":"Persistent shedding of cytomegalovirus in the urine of healthy Rhesus monkeys","volume":"145","author":"DM Asher","year":"1974","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref32","first-page":"25","article-title":"Seroepidemiologic studies of cytomegalovirus infection in a breeding population of rhesus macaques","volume":"44","author":"P Vogel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3646","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.8.3646-3658.2002","article-title":"Decreased frequency of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques: inverse relationship with CMV viremia","volume":"76","author":"A Kaur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.6.2771-2783.2006","article-title":"Th-1-type cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocyte responses to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) are a consistent feature of natural SIV infection in sooty mangabeys","volume":"80","author":"Z Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7725","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.70.11.7725-7733.1996","article-title":"Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to cytomegalovirus in normal and simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques","volume":"70","author":"A Kaur","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.12.005","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus transmission to preterm infants during lactation","volume":"41","author":"K Hamprecht","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of clinical virology: the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2009.02814.x","article-title":"Quantitative detection of HCMV-DNA in saliva from infants and breast milk on real-time polymerase chain reaction","volume":"51","author":"H Murata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics international: official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.6.1333","article-title":"Evaluation of cytomegalovirus infections transmitted via breast milk in preterm infants with a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay","volume":"111","author":"A Yasuda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24101","article-title":"Evaluation of cytomegalovirus infection in low-birth weight children by breast milk using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay","volume":"87","author":"MP Romero-Gomez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of medical virology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87855","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087855","article-title":"Maternal valacyclovir and infant cytomegalovirus acquisition: a randomized controlled trial among HIV-infected women","volume":"9","author":"AC Roxby","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir632","article-title":"Maternal cytomegalovirus-specific immune responses and symptomatic postnatal cytomegalovirus transmission in very low-birth-weight preterm infants","volume":"204","author":"EP Ehlinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix457","article-title":"Breast Milk Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Viral Load and the Establishment of Breast Milk CMV-pp65-Specific CD8 T Cells in Human CMV Infected Mothers","volume":"216","author":"DC Moylan","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00380-17","article-title":"Transient Oral Human Cytomegalovirus Infections Indicate Inefficient Viral Spread from Very Few Initially Infected Cells","volume":"91","author":"BT Mayer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6620","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.12.6620-6636.2003","article-title":"Complete sequence and genomic analysis of rhesus cytomegalovirus","volume":"77","author":"SG Hansen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6354","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00607-12","article-title":"Patterns of acute rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) infection predict long-term RhCMV infection","volume":"86","author":"BT Assaf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.72.3.295","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection of breast milk and transmission in infancy","volume":"72","author":"M Dworsky","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181a55c52","article-title":"High cytomegalovirus load and prolonged virus excretion in breast milk increase risk for viral acquisition by very low birth weight infants","volume":"28","author":"WT Jim","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Pediatric infectious disease journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(03)00074-X","article-title":"Rapid detection and quantification of cell free cytomegalovirus by a high-speed centrifugation-based microculture assay: comparison to longitudinally analyzed viral DNA load and pp67 late transcript during lactation","volume":"28","author":"K Hamprecht","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of clinical virology: the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology"},{"issue":"7037","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03501","article-title":"Massive infection and loss of memory CD4+ T cells in multiple tissues during acute SIV infection","volume":"434","author":"JJ Mattapallil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5749","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.10.5749-5758.2003","article-title":"Direct relationship between suppression of virus-specific immunity and emergence of cytomegalovirus disease in simian AIDS","volume":"77","author":"A Kaur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3646","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.8.3646-3658.2002","article-title":"Decreased frequency of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques: inverse relationship with CMV viremia","volume":"76","author":"A Kaur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588802500609","article-title":"Necropsy findings in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with cultured simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)\/delta","volume":"25","author":"GB Baskin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01016","article-title":"Ongoing burden of disease and mortality from HIV\/CMV coinfection in Africa in the antiretroviral therapy era","volume":"6","author":"E Adland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in microbiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.59.12.1120","article-title":"Congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"59","author":"PM Preece","year":"1984","journal-title":"Archives of disease in childhood"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5105","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02631-10","article-title":"Open reading frames carried on UL\/b\u2019 are implicated in shedding and horizontal transmission of rhesus cytomegalovirus in rhesus monkeys","volume":"85","author":"KL Oxford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Human Herpesviruses: Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis","author":"PA Barry","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0206330","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]],"date-time":"2022-09-04T15:47:05Z","timestamp":1662306425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0206330"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Juliet V.","family":"Spencer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0206330","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]}}}