{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:07:19Z","timestamp":1793326039169,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zoetis Inc."},{"name":"Kansas State University Department of Clinical Sciences"},{"name":"Dr. John G. and Mildred L. Gish Research Fund for Large Animal Research at Kansas State University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T18:16:05Z","timestamp":1540836965000},"page":"e0206639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Seroprevalence, frequency of leptospiuria, and associated risk factors in horses in Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska from 2016-2017"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7162-6612","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amanda C.","family":"Trimble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Blevins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie A.","family":"Beard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley R.","family":"Deforno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth G.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Current Therapy in Equine Medicine","volume":"6","author":"TJ Divers","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Divers, TJ &amp; Chang, YF. Equine leptospirosis: diagnosis, treatment and prevention. 24th Annual ACVIM Forum, Louisville, Kentucky, USA, 31 May-3 June, 2006."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12686","article-title":"Haemolytic anaemia and bilateral uveitis associated with leptospirosis in a 6\u2010year\u2010old Quarter Horse gelding","volume":"30","author":"KM Delph","year":"2018","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12281","article-title":"A diagnostic evaluation of real\u2010time PCR, fluorescent antibody and microscopic agglutination tests in cases of equine leptospiral abortion","volume":"47","author":"E Erol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Equine veterinary journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.2746\/095777309X467853","article-title":"Equine recurrent uveitis: A clinical manifestation of leptospirosis","volume":"21","author":"L Frellstedt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12451","article-title":"Prognosis and impact of equine recurrent uveitis","volume":"48","author":"JC Gerding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Equine veterinary journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref7","first-page":"418","article-title":"Detection of leptospira in the vitreous body of horses without ocular diseases and of horses with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) using transmission-electron microscopy","volume":"113","author":"G Niedermaier","year":"2006","journal-title":"DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00367.x","article-title":"Effect of vaccination against leptospirosis on the frequency, days to recurrence and progression of disease in horses with equine recurrent uveitis","volume":"8","author":"BW Rohrbach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterinary ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.04.012","article-title":"Leptospirosis in horses","volume":"167","author":"A Verma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary microbiology"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Zoetis LLC. 2015; Data on file, Study Report No. B850R-US-12-011; Study Report No. B951R-US-13-04; Study Report No. B951R-US-13-046; Study Report No. B951R-US-15-092. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.zoetisus.com\/products\/horses\/lepto-eq-innovator\/index.aspx\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.zoetisus.com\/products\/horses\/lepto-eq-innovator\/index.aspx<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00649-13","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of equine leptospirosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using four recombinant protein markers","volume":"21","author":"C Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0158-5","article-title":"Subclinical leptospirosis may impair athletic performance in racing horses","volume":"44","author":"C Hamond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tropical animal health and production"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822003000200010","article-title":"Leptospira spp detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in clinical samples of captive black-capped capuchin monkey (Cebus apella)","volume":"34","author":"E Scarcelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-013-9582-x","article-title":"Urinary PCR as an increasingly useful tool for an accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis in livestock","volume":"38","author":"C Hamond","year":"2014","journal-title":"Veterinary research communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12146","article-title":"Shedding and seroprevalence of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in sheep and cattle at a New Zealand abattoir","volume":"62","author":"F Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zoonoses and public health"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.04.008","article-title":"Canine leptospirosis in Switzerland\u2014A prospective cross-sectional study examining seroprevalence, risk factors and urinary shedding of pathogenic leptospires","volume":"141","author":"A Delaude","year":"2017","journal-title":"Preventive veterinary medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-51-15","article-title":"Leptospira seroprevalence and associations between seropositivity, clinical disease and host factors in horses","volume":"51","author":"V B\u00e5verud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.4.399","article-title":"Variable-number tandem-repeat analysis of leptospiral DNA isolated from canine urine samples molecularly confirmed to contain pathogenic leptospires","volume":"249","author":"KR Harkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.12.3140-3146.1997","article-title":"Identification of pathogenic Leptospira genospecies by continuous monitoring of fluorogenic hybridization probes during rapid-cycle PCR","volume":"35","author":"TH Woo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.1224","article-title":"Clinical application of a polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs","volume":"222","author":"KR Harkin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.1230","article-title":"Comparison of polymerase chain reaction assay, bacteriologic culture, and serologic testing in assessment of prevalence of urinary shedding of leptospires in dogs","volume":"222","author":"KR Harkin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-0991-2","article-title":"Detection and quantification of leptospires in urine of dogs: a maintenance host for the zoonotic disease leptospirosis","volume":"29","author":"P Rojas","year":"2010","journal-title":"European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"ref23","first-page":"251","article-title":"Urinary shedding of leptospires and presence of Leptospira antibodies in healthy dogs from Upper Bavaria","volume":"129","author":"JR Llewellyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"OIE. Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. 2012; 6ath edn. World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris. Online Access: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.oie.int\/manual-of-diagnostic-tests-and-vaccines-for-terrestrial-animals\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.oie.int\/manual-of-diagnostic-tests-and-vaccines-for-terrestrial-animals\/<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"14","author":"PN Levett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1024\/0036-7281\/a000247","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in clinically healthy horses in Switzerland","volume":"153","author":"S Blatti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812000416","article-title":"The role of horses in the transmission of leptospirosis in an urban tropical area","volume":"141","author":"C Hamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology & Infection"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12038","article-title":"Equine leptospirosis in tropical Northern Queensland","volume":"91","author":"C Wangdi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Australian veterinary journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(98)00069-5","article-title":"Epidemiologic features of equine Leptospira interrogans of human significance","volume":"36","author":"RS Barwick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Preventive veterinary medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638715571360","article-title":"Evaluation of three 5\u2032 exonuclease\u2013based real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of pathogenic Leptospira species in canine urine","volume":"27","author":"JM Fink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0206639","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,14]],"date-time":"2020-11-14T07:45:17Z","timestamp":1605339917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0206639"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Odir Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Dellagostin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0206639","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]]}}}