{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T20:17:20Z","timestamp":1784233040779,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T18:27:11Z","timestamp":1546626431000},"page":"e0207089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Thoracic aortic calcification across the clinical dysglycemic continuum in a large Asian population free of cardiovascular symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7208-0183","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jui-Peng","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Yi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ho","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Tze","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Chuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jen-Yuan","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Lieh","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tung-Hsin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiun-Lu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ta-Chuan","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6602-5532","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charles Jia-Yin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-I","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiram G.","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.13.46","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and progression of atherosclerosis among middle-aged US adults","volume":"13","author":"AZ Fan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807233390404","article-title":"Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction","volume":"339","author":"SM Haffner","year":"1998","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(94)90133-3","article-title":"Coronary calcium and atherosclerosis by ultrafast computed tomography in asymptomatic men and women: relation to age and risk factors","volume":"127","author":"ND Wong","year":"1994","journal-title":"American heart journal"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.712141","article-title":"Calcification of the thoracic aorta as detected by spiral computed tomography among stable angina pectoris patients: association with cardiovascular events and death","volume":"118","author":"A Eisen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.100","article-title":"Extensive thoracic aortic calcification is an independent predictor of development of coronary artery calcium among individuals with coronary artery calcium score of zero","volume":"238","author":"Y Brodov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.003144","article-title":"Cardiovascular Event Prediction and Risk Reclassification by Coronary, Aortic, and Valvular Calcification in the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"5","author":"U Hoffmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2112-8","article-title":"Unrequested information from routine diagnostic chest CT predicts future cardiovascular events","volume":"21","author":"PC Jacobs","year":"2011","journal-title":"European radiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.02.004","article-title":"Relationship of thoracic aortic calcium to coronary calcium and its progression (from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [MESA])","volume":"103","author":"JJ Rivera","year":"2009","journal-title":"The American journal of cardiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12958","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus as predictors of thoracic aortic calcification as detected by non-contrast computed tomography in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"33","author":"R Katz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetic medicine: a journal of the British Diabetic Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.306256","article-title":"Pathology of Human Coronary and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis and Vascular Calcification in Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"37","author":"K Yahagi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.1702","article-title":"Association of Random Plasma Glucose Levels With the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease Among Chinese Adults Without Known Diabetes","volume":"1","author":"F Bragg","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA cardiology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref12","first-page":"S14","article-title":"Diabetes care","volume":"37","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90282-T","article-title":"Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography","volume":"15","author":"AS Agatston","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.208.3.9722864","article-title":"Coronary artery disease: improved reproducibility of calcium scoring with an electron-beam CT volumetric method","volume":"208","author":"TQ Callister","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319706291112","article-title":"Intracardiac calcification is a marker of generalized atherosclerosis","volume":"58","author":"J Nemcsik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.461","article-title":"Coronary artery calcium score and risk classification for coronary heart disease prediction","volume":"303","author":"TS Polonsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072100","article-title":"Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups","volume":"358","author":"R Detrano","year":"2008","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu171","article-title":"Emerging regulators of vascular smooth muscle cell function in the development and progression of atherosclerosis","volume":"103","author":"JL Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovascular research"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.175976","article-title":"Chronic apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells accelerates atherosclerosis and promotes calcification and medial degeneration","volume":"102","author":"MC Clarke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation research"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00295949","article-title":"Calcification of the human thoracic aorta during aging","volume":"54","author":"RJ Elliott","year":"1994","journal-title":"Calcified tissue international"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2009.42","article-title":"Risk factors for coronary, aortic arch and carotid calcification; The Rotterdam Study","volume":"24","author":"AE Odink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of human hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02785317","article-title":"Age-related change of mineral content in the human thoracic aorta and in the human cerebral artery","volume":"54","author":"Y Tohno","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biological trace element research"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002353","article-title":"Endochondral bone formation is involved in media calcification in rats and in men","volume":"72","author":"E Neven","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney international"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000138740.84883.9C","article-title":"Measures of insulin resistance add incremental value to the clinical diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in association with coronary atherosclerosis","volume":"110","author":"MP Reilly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.08.011","article-title":"Progression of coronary artery calcification is stronger in poorly than in well controlled diabetes: Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study","volume":"31","author":"B Kowall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of diabetes and its complications"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.047","article-title":"The relationship of insulin resistance and extracoronary calcification in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"218","author":"GH Tison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307612","article-title":"Relationship of Insulin Resistance to Prevalence and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification Beyond Metabolic Syndrome Components: Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis","volume":"36","author":"M Yamazoe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.301928","article-title":"2013 Russell Ross memorial lecture in vascular biology: cellular and molecular mechanisms of diabetes mellitus-accelerated atherosclerosis","volume":"34","author":"KE Bornfeldt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu163","article-title":"Medial vascular calcification revisited: review and perspectives","volume":"35","author":"P Lanzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"European heart journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e32833b0932","article-title":"HbA1c is an independent predictor of non-fatal cardiovascular disease in a Caucasian population without diabetes: a 10-year follow-up of the Hoorn Study","volume":"19","author":"E van 't Riet","year":"2012","journal-title":"European journal of preventive cardiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0360","article-title":"Hemoglobin a1c and the progression of coronary artery calcification among adults without diabetes","volume":"38","author":"AP Carson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes care"},{"issue":"6620","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/386078a0","article-title":"Spontaneous calcification of arteries and cartilage in mice lacking matrix GLA protein","volume":"386","author":"G Luo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.4538","article-title":"Phosphate\/pyrophosphate and MV-related proteins in mineralisation: discoveries from mouse models","volume":"8","author":"X Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"International journal of biological sciences"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2016.02.003","article-title":"Vascular calcification in type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Integrative roles for OPG, RANKL and TRAIL","volume":"82","author":"E Harper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vascular pharmacology"},{"issue":"6779","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/35008121","article-title":"Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage","volume":"404","author":"T Nishikawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24140","article-title":"Msx2 promotes cardiovascular calcification by activating paracrine Wnt signals","volume":"115","author":"JS Shao","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical investigation"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.21.2810","article-title":"Calcification of the aortic arch: risk factors and association with coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease","volume":"283","author":"C Iribarren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(03)80081-8","article-title":"Aortic atherosclerosis detected with electron-beam CT as a predictor of obstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"10","author":"J Takasu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Academic radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(03)00105-4","article-title":"Valvular and thoracic aortic calcium as a marker of the extent and severity of angiographic coronary artery disease","volume":"146","author":"H Yamamoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"American heart journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102036","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102036","article-title":"Computed tomography of aortic wall calcifications in aortic dissection patients","volume":"9","author":"PA de Jong","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2015.04.008","article-title":"Ascending and descending thoracic aorta calcification in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"9","author":"TW Churchill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214186","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552867200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0207089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T07:11:56Z","timestamp":1589008316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0207089"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Doan TM","family":"Ngo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0207089","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214186","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]}}}