{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:17:45Z","timestamp":1780571865205,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]],"date-time":"2018-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007861","name":"University of Gondar","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]],"date-time":"2018-11-12T18:38:28Z","timestamp":1542047908000},"page":"e0207095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Hospital based surveillance of congenital rubella syndrome cases in the pre-vaccine era in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: A base line information for the country"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3116-7404","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yitayih","family":"Wondimeneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moges","family":"Tiruneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getachew","family":"Ferede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassahun","family":"Denekew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fisseha","family":"Admassu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belay","family":"Tessema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23675","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of rubella viruses involved in congenital rubella infections in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, between 1996 and 2009","volume":"85","author":"PC Suely","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","first-page":"S2","article-title":"The history and medical consequences of rubella","volume":"7","author":"ZC Louis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Reviews of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"861","article-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant","author":"SA Plotkin","year":"2011"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.26719\/2013.19.9.812","article-title":"Seroprevalence of rubella among pregnant women in Khartoum state","volume":"9","author":"O Adam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sudan. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400069345","article-title":"Outcome of asymptomatic infection with Rubella virus during pregnancy","volume":"87","author":"JE Cradock-Watson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Hygien"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Using Seroprevalence and Immunisation Coverage Data to Estimate the Global Burden of Congenital Rubella Syndrome, 1996\u20132010: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"V Emilia","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"29","key":"ref7","first-page":"301","article-title":"Rubella vaccines: WHO position paper","volume":"86","year":"2011","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"issue":"716","key":"ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Serological makers of rubella infection in Africa in the pre vaccination era: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"MM Mariam","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"161","article-title":"WHO position paper on rubella vaccines","volume":"75","year":"2000","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global measles and rubella strategic plan: 2012\u20132020","volume":"2012","journal-title":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref11","first-page":"2595","article-title":"An Investigation on Antirubella Immunoglobulin Titeres and the Level of Protectivity Among 5 Major Highly Populated Cities of Gilan Province","volume":"2","author":"PG Fattaneh","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research"},{"issue":"46","key":"ref12","first-page":"701","article-title":"Progress in rubella and congenital rubella syndrome control and elimination-worldwide, 2000\u20132016","volume":"92","author":"BG Gavin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"issue":"29","key":"ref13","first-page":"301","article-title":"Rubella vaccines WHO position paper","volume":"86","year":"2011","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S491","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir107","article-title":"Expansion of the global measles and rubella laboratory network 2005\u20132009","volume":"204","author":"DA Featherstone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"27","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.04.025","article-title":"Current epidemiology of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in Australia: progress towards elimination","volume":"30","author":"N Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3329\/dmcj.v2i2.20522","article-title":"Congenital Rubella Syndrome: An Overview of Clinical Presentations in Bangladeshi Children","volume":"2","author":"IN Nure","year":"2014","journal-title":"Delta Medical College Journal"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu604","article-title":"Identification of Serologic Markers for School-Aged Children With Congenital Rubella Syndrome","volume":"212","author":"H Terri","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant","author":"JS Remington","year":"2011"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.06.007","article-title":"Congenital rubella syndrome and delayed manifestations","volume":"74","author":"J Dammeyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1099-4","article-title":"Congenital rubella: citation virus or viral cause of type 1 diabetes?","volume":"51","author":"EAM Gale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2002.tb05003.x","article-title":"Gregg\u2019s congenital rubella patients 60 years later","volume":"177","author":"MF Jill","year":"2002","journal-title":"The medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"8816","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91483-O","article-title":"A fifty-year follow-up of congenital rubella","volume":"340","author":"ED McIntosh","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.77.6.358","article-title":"Congenital rubella syndrome: ophthalmic manifestations and associated systemic disorders","volume":"77","author":"TG Kerry","year":"1993","journal-title":"British journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.29593","article-title":"Pediatric cataract and surgery outcomes in Central India: a hospital based study","volume":"61","author":"R Khandekar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref25","first-page":"418","article-title":"Optical complications in congenital rubella syndrome","volume":"73","author":"HS Weisinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1389","author":"WJ Bellini","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v27i2.13","article-title":"Clinically Confirmed Congenital Rubella Syndrome: The Role of Echocardiography","volume":"27","author":"M Demeke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S215","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir108","article-title":"Rubella epidemiology in Africa in the prevaccine era, 2002\u20132009","volume":"203","author":"JL Goodson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1168","key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of rubella virus cases in the pre-vaccination era of Ethiopia, 2009\u20132015","volume":"16","author":"G Mekonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"1","article-title":"African regional guidelines for measles and rubella surveillance","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Linear Chemicals S.L..C\/Joaquim Costa18 2a"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"1","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"811","article-title":"Congenital hearing impairment associated with rubella","volume":"33","author":"MM Rahman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lessons from Bangladesh. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"2271","article-title":"Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","author":"JD Cherry","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Perspectives in Medical Virology","author":"J Banatvala","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21097","article-title":"Laboratory Confirmation of Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Infants: An Eye Hospital Based Investigation","volume":"80","author":"TA Rajaundri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"12","article-title":"Active Surveillance for Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Yangon, Myanmar","volume":"84","author":"ZT Kyaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bullet World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"WHO Congenital anomalies. World Health Organization; 2015 [cited May 12\/2018]; Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/congenital-anomalies\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/congenital-anomalies<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Teratogenicity and Teratogenic Factors","volume":"3","author":"HSW Haroun","year":"2017","journal-title":"MOJ Anatomy and Physiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001670","article-title":"Raised Frequency of Microcephaly Related to Zika Virus Infection in Two Birth Defects Surveillance Systems in Bogot\u00e1 and Cali, Colombia","volume":"36","author":"P Hurtado-Villa","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.29309\/TPMJ\/2006.13.01.5047","article-title":"Congenital Rubella Syndrome","volume":"13","author":"MN Hussain","year":"2006","journal-title":"Professional Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.541","article-title":"An Epidemiological and Clinical Study of Ocular Manifestations of Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Omani Children","volume":"122","author":"R Khandekar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"307","article-title":"Ocular Manifestations of Congenital Rubella Syndrome in a Developing Country","volume":"50","author":"P Vijayalakshmi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Opthalmology"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Congenital rubella syndrome: Clinical features and diagnosis","author":"RD Simon"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"2054","author":"RD Feigin","year":"1997"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2005.01.014","article-title":"Rubella infection in pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"M De Santis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref47","first-page":"123","article-title":"Human teratogens update 2011: Can we ensure safety during pregnancy?","volume":"94","author":"SA Rasmussen","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref48","first-page":"221","article-title":"Role of Congenital Rubella Reference Laboratory: 21-Months-Surveillance in Liguria, Italy","volume":"50","author":"P Canepa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"25","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Rubella IgG and IgM Antibodies in Infants Suspected of Having Rubella Infection","volume":"22","author":"N Hussain","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomedica"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.9.1104-1108.2005","article-title":"Elizabeth MD Evaluation of Three Immunoassays Used for Detection of Anti-Rubella Virus Immunoglobulin M Antibodies","volume":"12","author":"D Wayne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3329\/dmcj.v3i2.24429","article-title":"Congenital Rubella Syndrome: A Major Review and Update","volume":"3","author":"IN Nure","year":"2015","journal-title":"Delta Medical College Journal"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400055005","article-title":"Specific immunoglobulins in infants with the congenital rubella syndrome","volume":"76","author":"JE Cradock-Watson","year":"1976","journal-title":"The Journal of Hygiene"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1745.187643","article-title":"Psychiatric manifestations of congenital rubella syndrome: A case report and review of literature","volume":"11","author":"C Nidhi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2008.03.006","article-title":"Congenital rubella syndromedmajor review","volume":"80","author":"SD Robert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Field guidelines for surveillance of measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref56","unstructured":"Gevernment of Alberta. Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines:Congenital Rubella Infection\/Syndrome. Gevernment of Alberta; 2011 [cited Nov.20\/2017]; Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/open.alberta.ca\/dataset\/780e77a9-c314-42a6-bc6f-01cccdb7c2c1\/resource\/9465c2af-d9dd-4748-bd1a-383c5b9973c6\/download\/Guidelines-Congenital-Rubella-Infection-Syndrome-2011.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/open.alberta.ca\/dataset\/780e77a9-c314-42a6-bc6f-01cccdb7c2c1\/resource\/9465c2af-d9dd-4748-bd1a-383c5b9973c6\/download\/Guidelines-Congenital-Rubella-Infection-Syndrome-2011.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref57","unstructured":"Vital Events Registration Agency. Establishing vital events registration and strengthening. Addis Ababa: Vital Events Registration Agency in collaboration with Central Statistical Agency; 2014 [cited August 20\/2018]; Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/getinthepicture.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/eth_crvs_case_study_2014.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/getinthepicture.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/eth_crvs_case_study_2014.pdf<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"48","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.08.061","article-title":"Rubella Vaccines: WHO Position Paper-Recommendations","volume":"29","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref59","first-page":"5568","article-title":"Control of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in developing countries, Part 1: Burden of disease from CRS","volume":"75","author":"FT Cutts","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.10.1555","article-title":"Unseen blindness, unheard deafness, and unrecorded death and disability: congenital rubella in Kumasi, Ghana","volume":"90","author":"JE Lawn","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref61","first-page":"27","article-title":"Infantile Rubella Cataract in Oman","volume":"6","author":"AH Juma","year":"1988","journal-title":"Medical Newsletter (Oman)"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref62","first-page":"299","article-title":"Retrospective Review of Serologic Rubella Activity in University Hospital Kuala Lumpur","volume":"55","author":"KB Chua","year":"2000","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Malaysia"},{"issue":"46","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.09.010","article-title":"Informing rubella vaccination strategies in East Java, Indonesia through transmission modelling","volume":"34","author":"W Yue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref64","first-page":"E48","article-title":"Australia\u2019s notifiable disease status, 2014: Annual report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System: Part 6","volume":"40","year":"2016","journal-title":"Communicable diseases intelligence"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0207095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T21:15:22Z","timestamp":1662412522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0207095"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Antonella","family":"Marangoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0207095","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]}}}