{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T07:19:53Z","timestamp":1789370393669,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy (CZ)","award":["NPU-I program No. LO1611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPU-I program No. LO1611"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T13:33:56Z","timestamp":1545917636000},"page":"e0209773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Latent toxoplasmosis and olfactory functions of Rh positive and Rh negative subjects"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0822-0126","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Flegr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Milinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3087-7538","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u0160\u00e1rka","family":"Ka\u0148kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"H\u016fla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Hlav\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate\u0159ina","family":"S\u00fdkorov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00124-7","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>: from animals to humans","volume":"30","author":"AM Tenter","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090203","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis\u2014A global threat. Correlation of latent toxoplasmosis with specific disease burden in a set of 88 countries","volume":"9","author":"J Flegr","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12423","article-title":"Beyond the association. <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and addiction: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"AL Sutterland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl050","article-title":"Antibodies to <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> in patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"EF Torrey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs043","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> and other risk factors for schizophrenia: An update","volume":"38","author":"EF Torrey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2015.015","article-title":"Association between latent toxoplasmosis and clinical course of schizophrenia\u2014continuous course of the disease is characteristic for <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>-infected patients","volume":"62","author":"T Celik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Folia Parasitologica"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4801","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004801","article-title":"A unique dual activity amino acid hydroxylase in <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>","volume":"4","author":"EA Gaskell","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199711000-00002","article-title":"The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: current status, future prospects","volume":"12","author":"P Willner","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23866","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023866","article-title":"The neurotropic parasite <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> increases dopamine metabolism","volume":"6","author":"E Prandovszky","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(03)00075-9","article-title":"Decreased level of psychobiological factor novelty seeking and lower intelligence in men latently infected with the protozoan parasite <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>. Dopamine, a missing link between schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis?","volume":"63","author":"J Flegr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2006.00780.x","article-title":"Prevalence of <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic> infection in first-episode schizophrenia and comparison between <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic>-seropositive and <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic>-seronegative schizophrenia","volume":"114","author":"HL Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01131.x","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic> and schizophrenia","volume":"31","author":"RH Yolken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite Immunology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12031","article-title":"Differences in onset of disease and severity of psychopathology between toxoplasmosis-related and toxoplasmosis-unrelated schizophrenia","volume":"127","author":"D Holub","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2011.573809","article-title":"Latent toxoplasmosis reduces gray matter density in schizophrenia but not in controls: Voxel-based-morphometry (VBM) study","volume":"13","author":"J Horacek","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112771","article-title":"Contrasting effect of prepulse signals on performance of <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic>-infected and <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic>-free subjects in an acoustic reaction times test","volume":"9","author":"L Priplatova","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.07.028","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> exposure affects neural processing speed as measured by acoustic startle latency in schizophrenia and controls","volume":"150","author":"BD Pearce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e328336643f","article-title":"Olfactory function and schizophrenia: an update","volume":"23","author":"CI Rupp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.011","article-title":"Identification of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant odors in schizophrenia","volume":"187","author":"V Kamath","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1389","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001389","article-title":"Fatal attraction phenomenon in humans: cat odour attractiveness increased for <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic>-infected men while decreased for infected women","volume":"5","author":"J Flegr","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1182","article-title":"Fatal attraction in rats infected with <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>","volume":"267","author":"M Berdoy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6442","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608310104","article-title":"Behavioral changes induced by <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic> infection of rodents are highly specific to aversion of cat odors","volume":"104","author":"A Vyas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.12.020","article-title":"Morbid attraction to leopard urine in <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic>-infected chimpanzees","volume":"26","author":"C Poirotte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6114","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12888","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> infection reduces predator aversion in rats through epigenetic modulation in the host medial amygdala","volume":"23","author":"SAH Dass","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00019-6","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia: A qualitative and quantitative review","volume":"21","author":"PJ Moberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.073635","article-title":"Influence of latent <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic> infection on human personality, physiology and morphology: pros and cons of the <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic>-human model in studying the manipulation hypothesis","volume":"216","author":"J Flegr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.09.001","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic>-infected subjects report an obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosis more often and score higher in obsessive-compulsive inventory","volume":"40","author":"J Flegr","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Chromatick\u00fd asocia\u010dn\u00ed experiment","author":"V \u0160\u010depichin","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000066269","article-title":"Induction of changes in human behaviour by the parasitic protozoan <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>","volume":"113","author":"J Flegr","year":"1996","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2010.017","article-title":"Pattern of money allocation in experimental games supports the stress hypothesis of gender differences in <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>-induced behavioural changes","volume":"57","author":"J Lindov\u00e1","year":"2010","journal-title":"Folia Parasitologica"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007004064","article-title":"Sex-dependent toxoplasmosis-associated differences in testosterone concentration in humans","volume":"135","author":"J Flegr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.07.008","article-title":"Gender differences in behavioural changes induced by latent toxoplasmosis","volume":"36","author":"J Lindov\u00e1","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.06.021","article-title":"The effects of <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic> infection on rodent behavior are dependent on dose of the stimulus","volume":"148","author":"A Vyas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2097","key":"ref33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of stress or infection on rat behavior show robust reversals due to environmental disturbance","volume":"6","author":"S Abdulai-Saiku","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000 Research"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/12.2.140","article-title":"Evidence for MHC-correlated perfume preferences in humans","volume":"12","author":"M Milinski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behavioral Ecology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00152-6","article-title":"HLA-class II genes modify outcome of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> infection","volume":"29","author":"DG Mack","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6392","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.11.6392-6401.2003","article-title":"Role of cytokines and major histocompatibility complex restriction in mouse resistance to infection with a natural recombinant strain (type I-III) of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>","volume":"71","author":"B Fux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200800485X","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic> and reaction time: Role of toxoplasmosis in the origin, preservation and geographical distribution of Rh blood group polymorphism","volume":"135","author":"M Novotn\u00e1","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-72","article-title":"Increased incidence of traffic accidents in <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic>-infected military drivers and protective effect RhD molecule revealed by a large-scale prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"J Flegr","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"475","article-title":"Neurophysiological effect of the Rh factor. Protective role of the RhD molecule against <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic>-induced impairment of reaction times in women","volume":"29","author":"J Flegr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology Letters"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182010000661","article-title":"Increased pregnancy weight gain in women with latent toxoplasmosis and RhD-positivity protection against this effect","volume":"137","author":"\u0160 Ka\u0148kov\u00e1","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Perfumery\u2013The psychology and biology of fragrance","author":"S Van Toller","year":"1994"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0209773","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T19:52:28Z","timestamp":1588967548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0209773"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Calderaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0209773","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]]}}}