{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T15:02:56Z","timestamp":1777647776099,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]],"date-time":"2019-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23222003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23222003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15K07241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K07241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16H02729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16H02729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16H05639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16H05639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]],"date-time":"2019-01-08T18:32:15Z","timestamp":1546972335000},"page":"e0210458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bioarchaeological evidence of decapitation from Pacopampa in the northern Peruvian highlands"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8802-9593","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tomohito","family":"Nagaoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Takigami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Seki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Uzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Alem\u00e1n Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Percy Santiago","family":"And\u00eda Rold\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Morales Chocano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"630","author":"R Chacon","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","author":"R Girald","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ritual sacrifice in ancient Peru","author":"EP Benson","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ritual violence in the ancient Andes","author":"DK Klaus","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref5","author":"J Quilter","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Thames and Hudson","author":"RL Burger","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"69","article-title":"El mundo ceremonial Andino","author":"Y Onuki","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/1005956","article-title":"A preceramic settlement on the central coast of Peru: Asia, Unit 1","volume":"53","author":"F Engel","year":"1963","journal-title":"Trans Am Philos Soc"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"167","article-title":"Prehistory of the Ayacucho basin, Peru (Volume II, excavations and chronology)","author":"LG Lumbreras","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"143","article-title":"Un craneo de Chavin de Huantar, Peru","volume":"39","author":"BP Reichlen","year":"1973","journal-title":"Revista del Museo Nacional"},{"key":"ref11","author":"RL Burger","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref12","author":"S Izumi","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref13","author":"D Morales","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"The Formative Period in the Cajamarca Basin, Peru: excavations at Huacaloma and Layzon, 1982","author":"K Terada","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Kuntur Wasi y Cerro Blanco: dos sitios del Formativo en el norte del Per\u00fa","author":"Y Onuki","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"21","article-title":"Ritual sacrifice in ancient Peru","author":"A Cordy-Collins","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"941","article-title":"Trauma and violence in the Wari Empire of the Peruvian Andes: warfare, raids, and ritual fights","volume":"133","author":"TA Tung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaa.2008.10.006","article-title":"The geographic origins of Nasca trophy heads using strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope data","volume":"28","author":"KJ Knudson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Anthropol Archaeol"},{"key":"ref19","author":"CB Donnan","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"93","article-title":"Ritual sacrifice in ancient Peru","author":"S Bourget","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"165","article-title":"Ritual sacrifice in ancient Peru","author":"JW Verano","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20514","article-title":"Biodistance analysis of the Moche sacrificial victims from Huaca de la Luna Plaza 3C: Matrix Method Test of their origins","volume":"132","author":"RC Sutter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Pampa Grande and the Mochica culture","author":"I Shimada","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2013.10.036","article-title":"Residential histories of elites and sacrificial victims at Huacas De Moche, Peru, as reconstructed from oxygen isotopes","volume":"42","author":"JM Toyne","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20812","article-title":"Dismembering bodies for display: a bioarchaeological study of trophy heads from the Wari site of Conchopata, Peru","volume":"136","author":"TA Tung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1086\/591318","article-title":"Social identities and geographical origins of Wari trophy heads from Conchopata, Peru","volume":"49","author":"TA Tung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Anthropology"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaa.2011.06.005","article-title":"Identifying locals, migrants, and captives in the Wari Heartland: a bioarchaeological and biogeochemical study of human remains from Conchopata, Peru","volume":"30","author":"TA Tung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Anthropol Archaeol"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"477","article-title":"The taking and displaying of human trophies by Amerindians","author":"TA Tung","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"El Centro Ceremonial Andino: nuevas perspectivas para los Per\u00edodos Arcaico y Formativo","author":"Y Seki","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"175","article-title":"El centro ceremonial andino: nuevas perspectivas para los Per\u00edodos Arcaico y Formativo. Senri Ethnological Studies 89","author":"Y Seki","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"69","article-title":"Nuevas evidencials del sitio arqueol\u00f3gico de Pacopampa, en la sierra norte del Per\u00fa","volume":"12","author":"Y Seki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn de Arqueolog\u00eda PUCP"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-011-0120-z","article-title":"A case study of a high-status human skeleton from Pacopampa in Formative Period Peru","volume":"87","author":"T Nagaoka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int"},{"key":"ref33","author":"TA Tung"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033822200033865","article-title":"Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates","volume":"51","author":"C Bronk Ramsey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiocarbon"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Manuals on Archeology Series No. 2","author":"DH Ubelaker","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"805","article-title":"A morphological study of crania of infants and children in the Japanese","volume":"65","author":"T Wakebe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nagasaki Med J"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330680105","article-title":"Dental wear in the Libben population: its functional pattern and role in the determination of adult skeletal age at death","volume":"68","author":"CO Lovejoy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0185421","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185421","article-title":"Pacopampa: Early evidence of violence at a ceremonial site in the northern Peruvian highlands","volume":"12","author":"T Nagaoka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20776","article-title":"Sexing skulls using discriminant function analysis of visually assessed traits","volume":"136","author":"PL Walker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.2307\/278934","article-title":"An experimental study of the morphological characteristics of tool marks","volume":"42","author":"PL Walker","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am Antiq"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1981.tb28179.x","article-title":"Applications of scanning electron microscopy to taphonomic problems","volume":"376","author":"P Shipman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1017\/S0094837300008320","article-title":"Mastodon butchery: microscopic evidence of carcass processing and bone tool use","volume":"103","author":"P Shipman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Paleobiology"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4403(83)90061-4","article-title":"Evidence of butchery and hominid activities at Trralba and Ambrona: an evaluation using microscopic techniques","volume":"10","author":"P Shipman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1006\/jasc.1998.0348","article-title":"The origins of metallurgy: distinguishing stone from metal cut-marks on bones from archaeological sites","volume":"26","author":"HJ Greenfield","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330620305","article-title":"A replication technique for scanning electron microscopy: application for anthropologists","volume":"62","author":"JJ Rose","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Fractures in adults. Philadelphia: J.B. Lipponcott Co.","author":"C Rockwood","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fractures in adults. Philadelphia: J.B. Lipponcott Co."},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Cambridge encyclopedia of human paleopathology","author":"AC Aufderheide","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Paleopathology.","author":"T Waldron","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"29","article-title":"Ritual violence in the ancient Andes","author":"LS Hamilton","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"21","article-title":"Ritual sacrifice in ancient Peru","author":"A Cordy-Collins","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"73","article-title":"Proceedings of the twentieth annual conference of the Archaeological Association of the University of Calgary","author":"DA Proulx","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"119","article-title":"Ritual sacrifice in ancient Peru","author":"DA Proulx","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"189","article-title":"Tombs for the living: Andean mortuary practices","author":"JW Verano","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"3","article-title":"Chav\u00edn: art, architecture and culture","author":"J Rick","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"67","article-title":"Andean archaeology III: north and south","author":"I Ghezzi","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"101","article-title":"Living with the dead in the Andes","author":"I Shimada","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"140","article-title":"Conversion: old worlds and new. Rochester","author":"P Gose","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0210458","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T11:12:17Z","timestamp":1589022737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0210458"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Hoon Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0210458","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]]}}}