{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T14:30:44Z","timestamp":1780324244511,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2014\/11948-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/11948-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2015\/22686-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/22686-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2015\/13979-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/13979-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T18:56:28Z","timestamp":1547578588000},"page":"e0210713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The molecular structure of \u03b2-alanine is resistant to sterilising doses of gamma radiation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"L\u00edvia de Souza","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7294-9106","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Monica B.","family":"Mathor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1737-3191","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ademar B.","family":"Lugao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor H.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa H. G.","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8463-2213","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guilherme Giannini","family":"Artioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6545-237X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gustavo H. C.","family":"Varca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Sewald NIBCHaNAD, U., Lindhorst, T. K., Westermann, B., Wessjohann, L. A.,Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1999. 1999; ()."},{"issue":"30","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05273.x","article-title":"Influence of oral beta-alanine and L-histidine supplementation on the carnosine content of the gluteus medius","author":"M Dunnett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Equine veterinary journal Supplement"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","article-title":"The buffering of muscle in rigor; protein, phosphate and carnosine","volume":"92","author":"E. Bate-Smith","year":"1938","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/026404198366443","article-title":"Carnosine and taurine contents in individual fibres of human vastus lateralis muscle","volume":"16","author":"R Harris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001173","article-title":"Twenty-four Weeks of beta-Alanine Supplementation on Carnosine Content, Related Genes, and Exercise","volume":"49","author":"B Saunders","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine and science in sports and exercise"},{"issue":"967","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(88)90015-3","article-title":"Detection, characterisation, and quantification of carnosine and other histidyl derivatives in cardiac and skeletal muscle","volume":"17","author":"J O'Dowd","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.696","article-title":"Profiling histidine-containing dipeptides in rat tissues by liquid chromatography\/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"39","author":"G Aldini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of mass spectrometry: JMS"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64391-1","article-title":"Isolation of gamma-aminobutyrylhistidine (homocarnosine) from brain","volume":"236","author":"JJ Pisano","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181c74e38","article-title":"Role of beta-alanine supplementation on muscle carnosine and exercise performance","volume":"42","author":"GG Artioli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Medicine and science in sports and exercise"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref10","first-page":"757","article-title":"Role of histidine-related compounds as intracellular proton buffering constituents in vertebrate muscle","volume":"65","author":"H. Abe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"371","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00849-5","article-title":"Non-enzymatic glycosylation of the dipeptide L-carnosine, a potential anti-protein-cross-linking agent","volume":"28","author":"A Hipkiss","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03160170","article-title":"Functional activity of Na+,K(+)-pump in normal and pathological tissues","volume":"19","author":"AA Boldyrev","year":"1993","journal-title":"Molecular and chemical neuropathology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01331.2011","article-title":"Effects of carnosine on contractile apparatus Ca(2)(+) sensitivity and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2)(+) release in human skeletal muscle fibers","volume":"112","author":"TL Dutka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of applied physiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00991.2014","article-title":"beta-Alanine supplementation enhances human skeletal muscle relaxation speed but not force production capacity","volume":"118","author":"R Hannah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of applied physiology"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2064","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222433110","article-title":"Coupled Ca2+\/H+ transport by cytoplasmic buffers regulates local Ca2+ and H+ ion signaling","volume":"110","author":"P Swietach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-016-2208-1","article-title":"Physiological and therapeutic effects of carnosine on cardiometabolic risk and disease","volume":"48","author":"E Baye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Amino acids"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2016.1030","article-title":"On the Relationship between Energy Metabolism, Proteostasis, Aging and Parkinson's Disease: Possible Causative Role of Methylglyoxal and Alleviative Potential of Carnosine","volume":"8","author":"AR Hipkiss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging and disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-013-1476-2","article-title":"Carnosine: from exercise performance to health","volume":"44","author":"C Sale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Amino acids"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-006-0299-9","article-title":"The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis","volume":"30","author":"RC Harris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Amino acids"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2540-4","article-title":"Gene expression of carnosine-related enzymes and transporters in skeletal muscle","volume":"113","author":"I Everaert","year":"2013","journal-title":"European journal of applied physiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.019398","article-title":"Serum carnosinase activity in plasma and serum: validation of a method and values in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery","volume":"49","author":"P Schoen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-1190-x","article-title":"Beta-alanine (Carnosyn) supplementation in elderly subjects (60\u201380 years): effects on muscle carnosine content and physical capacity","volume":"43","author":"S del Favero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amino acids"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096396","article-title":"beta-alanine supplementation to improve exercise capacity and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"B Saunders","year":"2017","journal-title":"British journal of sports medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0123857","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123857","article-title":"Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on brain homocarnosine\/carnosine signal and cognitive function: an exploratory study","volume":"10","author":"MY Solis","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91357.2008","article-title":"Carnosine loading and washout in human skeletal muscles","volume":"106","author":"A Baguet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of applied physiology"},{"issue":"42","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14532","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3509-12.2012","article-title":"Mechanisms of itch evoked by beta-alanine","volume":"32","author":"Q Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31828ab073","article-title":"Meal and beta-alanine coingestion enhances muscle carnosine loading","volume":"45","author":"S Stegen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Medicine and science in sports and exercise"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4849","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272050","article-title":"Carnosine and anserine homeostasis in skeletal muscle and heart is controlled by beta-alanine transamination","volume":"594","author":"L Blancquaert","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00753.2004","article-title":"Hematological and acid-base changes in men during prolonged exercise with and without sodium-lactate infusion","volume":"98","author":"BF Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of applied physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","first-page":"E21","article-title":"Insulin secretion and clearance during low-dose graded glucose infusion","volume":"268","author":"MM Byrne","year":"1995","journal-title":"The American journal of physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00614562","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and safety of l-carnitine infused i.v. in healthy subjects","volume":"34","author":"T Uematsu","year":"1988","journal-title":"European journal of clinical pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4985fje","article-title":"Insulin stimulates L-carnitine accumulation in human skeletal muscle","volume":"20","author":"FB Stephens","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.9.1.1-47.1945","article-title":"Physical Methods of Sterilization of Microorganisms","volume":"9","author":"O. Rahn","year":"1945","journal-title":"Bacteriological reviews"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2004.05.040","article-title":"Radiation technologies: past, present and future","volume":"71","author":"AG Chmielewski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o Ionizante na Esteriliza\u00e7\u00e3o de Produtos M\u00e9dicos e Farmac\u00eauticos","author":"P. Rela","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-005-0338-x","article-title":"Irradiation as a safety procedure in tissue banking","volume":"6","author":"A Dziedzic-Goclawska","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell and tissue banking"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/09553000802460164","article-title":"Effect of gamma radiation on the structural and biological properties of angiotensin II","volume":"84","author":"DT Nardi","year":"2008","journal-title":"International journal of radiation biology"},{"issue":"35","key":"ref38","first-page":"590","article-title":"Effect of gamma-irradiation on the molecular properties of myoglobin","volume":"30","author":"SK Lee Y","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1021\/ac035422g","article-title":"Radiolytic modification of acidic amino acid residues in peptides: probes for examining protein-protein interactions","volume":"76","author":"G Xu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Analytical chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1021\/j100849a024","article-title":"The solid-state radiation chemistry of selected transition metal chelates of glycine and alanine","volume":"72","author":"WC Gottschall","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Phys Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1021\/jp047399o","article-title":"Theoretical study of alpha\/beta-alanine and their protonated\/alkali metal cationized complexes","volume":"109","author":"S Abirami","year":"2005","journal-title":"The journal of physical chemistry A"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4664","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0703809","article-title":"Hydrophilic chromatographic determination of carnosine, anserine, balenine, creatine, and creatinine","volume":"55","author":"L Mora","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of agricultural and food chemistry"},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"ISO. ISO 11737\u20132:2009\u2014Sterilization of medical devices\u2014Microbiological methods\u2014Part 2: Tests of sterility performed in the definition, validation and maintenance of a sterilization process. 2009."},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"ISO. ISO 11137\u20132:2012\u2014Sterilization of health care Products. Radiation. Establishing the sterilization dose. 2012."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.07.009","article-title":"Exercise and beta-alanine supplementation on carnosine-acrolein adduct in skeletal muscle","volume":"18","author":"VH Carvalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00280a028","article-title":"Laser Mass-Spectra of Simple Aliphatic and Aromatic Amino-Acids","volume":"57","author":"CD Parker","year":"1985","journal-title":"Analytical chemistry"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1987.tb10566.x","article-title":"The UKU side effect rating scale. A new comprehensive rating scale for psychotropic drugs and a cross-sectional study of side effects in neuroleptic-treated patients","volume":"334","author":"O Lingjaerde","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"2001","article-title":"Radiation Degradation of Silk JAEEI-Conf","author":"K Ishida","journal-title":"Radiation Degradation of Silk JAEEI-Conf"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vibspec.2017.01.003","article-title":"High-temperature study of beta-alanine crystals","volume":"89","author":"R.J.C Sousa JCFL","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vibrational Spectroscopy"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-012-9306-4","article-title":"Effects of ionizing radiation and preservation on biomechanical properties of human costal cartilage","volume":"14","author":"AC Martinho Jr.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell and tissue banking"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0210713","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]],"date-time":"2022-09-10T08:42:03Z","timestamp":1662799323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0210713"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Qinghui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0210713","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]]}}}