{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:28:44Z","timestamp":1777505324136,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T13:34:40Z","timestamp":1549287280000},"page":"e0211481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Disparities in outcomes of patients admitted with diabetic foot infections"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6658-9482","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tze-Woei","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9203-1899","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chia-Ding","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten C.","family":"Concha-Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0035-5357","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhanad M.","family":"Diri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Marrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.2.217","article-title":"Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes","volume":"293","author":"N Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439","article-title":"Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence","volume":"376","author":"DG Armstrong","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199611)13:11<967::AID-DIA266>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Increased mortality associated with diabetic foot ulcer","volume":"13","author":"EJ Boyko","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.11.020","article-title":"Diabetic foot ulcer severity predicts mortality among veterans with type 2 diabetes","volume":"31","author":"MB Brennan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1993.tb01003.x","article-title":"Long-term prognosis for diabetic patients with foot ulcers","volume":"233","author":"J Apelqvist","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0491-1","article-title":"High prevalence of ischaemia, infection and serious comorbidity in patients with diabetic foot disease in Europe. Baseline results from the Eurodiale study","volume":"50","author":"L Prompers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13537","article-title":"Prognosis of the infected diabetic foot ulcer: a 12-month prospective observational study","volume":"35","author":"M Ndosi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007425","article-title":"Race and Socioeconomic Status Independently Affect Risk of Major Amputation in Peripheral Artery Disease","volume":"7","author":"S Arya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1842-x","article-title":"Disparities in amputations in minorities","volume":"469","author":"KM Lefebvre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X14565373","article-title":"The persistence of gender and racial disparities in vascular lower extremity amputation: an examination of HCUP-NIS data (2002\u20132011)","volume":"20","author":"KM Lefebvre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-9684(15)30973-1","article-title":"Disparities in level of amputation among minorities: implications for improved preventative care","volume":"101","author":"KM Lefebvre","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref12","author":"DJ Margolis","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.09.044","article-title":"The adverse effects of race, insurance status, and low income on the rate of amputation in patients presenting with lower extremity ischemia","volume":"45","author":"MH Eslami","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.1436","article-title":"Influence of race on the management of lower extremity ischemia: revascularization vs amputation","volume":"148","author":"TS Durazzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410080053008","article-title":"Variation in utilization of procedures for treatment of peripheral arterial disease. A look at patient characteristics","volume":"153","author":"SR Tunis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1995.01430040043006","article-title":"The influence of race on the use of surgical procedures for treatment of peripheral vascular disease of the lower extremities","volume":"130","author":"E Guadagnoli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(99)70068-6","article-title":"Impact of race on the treatment for peripheral arterial occlusive disease","volume":"30","author":"TS Huber","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12050","article-title":"Disparities in initial presentation and treatment outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers in a public, private, and Veterans Administration hospital","volume":"6","author":"SN Blumberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12807","article-title":"Ethnicity and risk of lower limb amputation in people with Type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study","volume":"33","author":"TE Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD.; February 2018 [Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/nisoverview.jsp\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/nisoverview.jsp<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-3-27","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of existing methods for identifying diabetic foot ulcers from inpatient and outpatient datasets","volume":"3","author":"MW Sohn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1775","article-title":"Trends in initial lower extremity amputation rates among Veterans Health Administration health care System users from 2000 to 2004","volume":"34","author":"CL Tseng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1360","article-title":"Declining rates of hospitalization for nontraumatic lower-extremity amputation in the diabetic population aged 40 years or older: U.S., 1988\u20132008","volume":"35","author":"Y Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02770.x","article-title":"Decreasing amputation rates in patients with diabetes-a population-based study","volume":"26","author":"CJ Schofield","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.04.071","article-title":"Open bypass and endovascular procedures among diabetic foot ulcer cases in the United States from 2001 to 2010","volume":"60","author":"GH Skrepnek","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2705","article-title":"Effectiveness of revascularization of the ulcerated foot in patients with diabetes and peripheral artery disease: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"RJ Hinchliffe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0831","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia followed in a tertiary referral diabetic foot clinic","volume":"33","author":"L Uccioli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.01.035","article-title":"National trends in lower extremity bypass surgery, endovascular interventions, and major amputations","volume":"50","author":"PP Goodney","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Explaining Racial Disparities in Amputation Rates for the Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) Using Decomposition Methods","author":"JA Mustapha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.09.066","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in patterns of treatment for acute peripheral arterial disease in the United States, 1998\u20132006","volume":"51","author":"VL Rowe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.08.077","article-title":"Socioeconomic and hospital-related predictors of amputation for critical limb ischemia","volume":"53","author":"AJ Henry","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","first-page":"479","article-title":"Minority status, ethnic culture, and distress: a comparison of Blacks, Whites, Mexicans, and Mexican Americans","volume":"86","author":"J Mirowsky 2nd","year":"1980","journal-title":"AJS"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.04.011","article-title":"The impact of socioeconomic factors on outcome and hospital costs associated with femoropopliteal revascularization","volume":"52","author":"CA Durham","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.02.035","article-title":"Racial disparities in the use of revascularization before leg amputation in Medicare patients","volume":"54","author":"KH Holman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"ref35","first-page":"I106","article-title":"Lower extremity nontraumatic amputation among veterans with peripheral arterial disease: is race an independent factor?","volume":"40","author":"TC Collins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb02573.x","article-title":"The influence of physician race, age, and gender on physician attitudes toward advance care directives and preferences for end-of-life decision-making","volume":"47","author":"EW Mebane","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902253400806","article-title":"The effect of race and sex on physicians&apos; recommendations for cardiac catheterization","volume":"340","author":"KA Schulman","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215532","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554940800000}}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0211481","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T20:45:47Z","timestamp":1588970747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0211481"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Bijan","family":"Najafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0211481","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215532","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]}}}