{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:17:20Z","timestamp":1790443040854,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011665","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGP-1438-048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP-1438-048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T18:40:33Z","timestamp":1550169633000},"page":"e0212312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the number of smoked cigarettes in tobacco smokers"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Faisal","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Alhussien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meshal","family":"Alohali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alatawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Almusned","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Fecteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Shahid","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6286-6895","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shahid","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4590-3","article-title":"Smoking-related general and cause-specific mortality in Estonia","volume":"18","author":"G K\u00f5ks","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Characteristics, survival, and risk factors of Chinese young lung cancer patients: the experience from two institutions","author":"J Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0181581","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181581","article-title":"Risk of stomach cancer in Aotearoa\/New Zealand: A M\u0101ori population based case-control study","volume":"12","author":"L Ellison-Loschmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.143332","article-title":"Risk of oral cancer associated with gutka and other tobacco products: A hospital-based case-control study","volume":"11","author":"S Mahapatra","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Ther"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2017026","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2017026","article-title":"The Association Between Smoking or Passive Smoking and Cardiovascular Diseases using a Bayesian Hierarchical Model: Based on the 2008\u20132013 Korea Community Health Survey","author":"W Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.127542","article-title":"Epidemiological association between osteoporosis and combined smoking and use of snuff among South African women","volume":"17","author":"O Ayo-Yusuf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref7","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Economic Impact of Smoking and of Reducing Smoking Prevalence: Review of Evidence","volume":"8","author":"VU Ekpu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tob use insights"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","first-page":"2250","article-title":"Alert Addiction among Young Students in Taif City in Western Area of Saudi Arabia","volume":"4","author":"MM Isa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res Publ"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","first-page":"76","article-title":"Long live the Italians! Prev Med (Baltim)","volume":"70","author":"S Gallus","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Central"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.55.090902.142054","article-title":"Motivational influences on cigarette smoking","volume":"55","author":"TB Baker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"CD009329","article-title":"Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"K. Cahill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"CD008286","article-title":"Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation","volume":"3","author":"L. F. Stead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"348","article-title":"Supporting smoking cessation","author":"NA Zwar","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01765.x","article-title":"Brain activation during craving for alcohol measured by positron emission tomography","volume":"40","author":"H.M. Olbrich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aust. N.Z. J. Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Effects of expectancy and abstinence on the neural response to smoking cues in cigarette smokers: an fMRI study","author":"D. Mcbride","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1200","article-title":"Prefrontal responses to drug cues: a neurocognitive analysis","volume":"7","author":"S.J. Wilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0815","article-title":"High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation decreases cigarette smoking","volume":"64","author":"P. Eichhammer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.05.043","article-title":"Effect of left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on food craving","volume":"58","author":"R. Uher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.06.002","article-title":"One session of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the right prefrontal cortex transiently reduces cocaine craving","volume":"86","author":"J.A. Camprodon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.12.024","article-title":"Neural substrates of smoking cue reactivity: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies","volume":"60","author":"J. M. Engelmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.03.018","article-title":"Establishing safety limits for transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"120","author":"M Bikson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.07.012","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability","volume":"57","author":"D Meron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1586\/17434440.2014.911082","article-title":"Understanding tDCS effects in schizophrenia: a systematic review of clinical data and an integrated computation modeling analysis","volume":"11","author":"AR Brunoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Med Devices"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.06.011","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex modulation using transcranial DC stimulation reduces alcohol craving: A double-blind, sham-controlled study","volume":"92","author":"PS Boggio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv066","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled trial of targeted prefrontal cortex modulation with bilateral tDCS in patients with crack-cocaine dependence","volume":"18","author":"EK Batista","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0105","article-title":"Cortical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex with transcranial direct current stimulation reduces cue-provoked smoking craving: A randomized, sham-controlled study","volume":"69","author":"F Fregni","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2017","key":"ref28","first-page":"685","article-title":""Modulation of brain activity with noninvasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): clinical applications and safety concerns."","volume":"8","author":"Haichao Zhao","journal-title":"Frontiers in psychology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.07.041","article-title":"Cumulative priming effects of cortical stimulation on smoking cue-induced craving","volume":"463","author":"P. S. Boggio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.036","article-title":"Modulation of smoking and decision-making behaviors with transcranial direct current stimulation in tobacco smokers: a preliminary study","volume":"140","author":"S. Fecteau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.10.004","article-title":"Transcranial Direct Current Brain Stimulation Increases Ability to Resist Smoking","volume":"9","author":"M. Falcone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"112","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation reduces negative affect but not cigarette craving in overnight abstinent smokers","volume":"4","author":"J. Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00079","article-title":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Behavioral Models of Smoking Addiction","volume":"3","author":"PE Fraser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.12.003","article-title":"Transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS): a tool for double-blind sham-controlled clinical studies in brain stimulation","volume":"117","author":"P.C. Gandiga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"52","article-title":"Nicotine dependence. Cross cultural comparisons in population surveys and cessation samples","volume":"5","author":"K Fagerstr\u00f6m","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World medical association declaration of helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","author":"WM Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00019-8","article-title":"What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?","volume":"28","author":"K.C. Berridge","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv076","article-title":"Placebo Response in Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Trials of Treatment of Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"42","author":"S. Dollfus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9010192","article-title":"Do Placebo Response Rates from Cessation Trials Inform on Strength of Addictions?","volume":"9","author":"RA Moore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.29.3.5","article-title":"Bupropion SR vs placebo for smoking cessation in health care professionals","volume":"29","author":"JP Zellweger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-2334-6","article-title":"Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex enhances working memory","volume":"166","author":"F. Fregni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(03)00124-6","article-title":"Facilitation of probabilistic classification learning by transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal cortex in the human","volume":"42","author":"T.Z. Kincses","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00291.x","article-title":"Treatment of major depression with transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"8","author":"F. Fregni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20201","article-title":"Cognitive effects of repeated sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with depression","volume":"23","author":"F. Fregni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.12.001","article-title":"The nature and power of the placebo effect","volume":"59","author":"FG Miller","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1572","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0391","article-title":"Motivation and placebos: do different mechanisms occur in different contexts?","volume":"366","author":"ME Hyland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.10.1642","article-title":"Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: Neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex","volume":"159","author":"RZ Goldstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.07.009","article-title":"Effects of non-invasive neurostimulation on craving: a meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"JM Jansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2013.11.003","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex decreases cue-induced nicotine craving and EEG delta power","volume":"7","author":"J Pripfl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01765.x","article-title":"Brain activation during craving for alcohol measured by positron emission tomography","volume":"40","author":"H.M. Olbrich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aust. N.Z. J. Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.4.345","article-title":"Activation of prefrontal cortex and anterior thalamus in alcoholic subjects on exposure to alcohol-specific cues","volume":"58","author":"M.S. George","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145714000686","article-title":"State dependent effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on methamphetamine craving","volume":"17","author":"A Shahbabaie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145714000984","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of targeted prefrontal cortex modulation with tDCS in patients with alcohol dependence","volume":"17","author":"J Klauss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0212312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T01:55:45Z","timestamp":1588989345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0212312"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Antal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0212312","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]]}}}