{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:57:04Z","timestamp":1781013424326,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T18:43:52Z","timestamp":1551379432000},"page":"e0212907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Higher versus lower doses of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-2 receptor blockers and beta-blockers in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ricky D.","family":"Turgeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Kolber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Loewen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5896-4852","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ursula","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7801-5515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James P.","family":"McCormack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.08.022","article-title":"2017 comprehensive update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the management of heart failure","volume":"33","author":"JA Ezekowitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31829e8807","article-title":"2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: Executive summary: A report of the American college of cardiology foundation\/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines","volume":"128","author":"CW Yancy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02212-1","article-title":"Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: a systematic overview of data from individual patients. ACE-Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group","volume":"355","author":"MD Flather","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-7-200104030-00008","article-title":"Beta-blockers in congestive heart failure. A Bayesian meta-analysis","volume":"134","author":"JM Brophy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01806.x","article-title":"The effects of angiotensin-receptor blockers on mortality and morbidity in heart failure: a systematic review","volume":"62","author":"MC Shibata","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.10565","article-title":"Effect of Natriuretic Peptide-Guided Therapy on Hospitalization or Cardiovascular Mortality in High-Risk Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"318","author":"GM Felker","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence","volume":"64","author":"H Balshem","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.23.2312","article-title":"Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. ATLAS Study Group","volume":"100","author":"M Packer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"95","article-title":"Czech and Slovak spirapril intervention study (CASSIS). A randomized, placebo and active-controlled, double-blind multicentre trial in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"49","author":"J Widimsk\u00fd","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2143\/AC.55.1.2005711","article-title":"Long-term effects of clinical outcome with low and high dose in the Captopril in Heart Insufficient Patients Study (CHIPS)","volume":"55","author":"DL Clement","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01025-1","article-title":"Outcome of patients with congestive heart failure treated with standard versus high doses of enalapril: a multicenter study. High Enalapril Dose Study Group","volume":"36","author":"JN Nanas","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1997.0839","article-title":"Clinical outcome with enalapril in symptomatic chronic heart failure; A dose comparison","volume":"19","author":"PA Poole-Wilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015040","article-title":"Effects of two different enalapril dosages on clinical, haemodynamic and neurohumoral response of patients with severe congestive heart failure","volume":"17","author":"R Pacher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00464-1","article-title":"High- versus low-dose ACE inhibition in chronic heart failure: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of imidapril","volume":"32","author":"DJ van Veldhuisen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00695-0","article-title":"Dose-related beneficial long-term hemodynamic and clinical efficacy of irbesartan in heart failure","volume":"33","author":"EP Havranek","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61913-9","article-title":"Effects of high-dose versus low-dose losartan on clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HEAAL study): a randomised, double-blind trial","volume":"374","author":"MA Konstam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.22.2224","article-title":"Improvement in exercise tolerance and symptoms of congestive heart failure during treatment with candesartan cilexetil. Symptom, Tolerability, Response to Exercise Trial of Candesartan Cilexetil in Heart Failure (STRETCH) Investigators","volume":"100","author":"GA Riegger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.4.1632","article-title":"Dose-response of chronic beta-blocker treatment in heart failure from either idiopathic dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy. Bucindolol Investigators","volume":"89","author":"MR Bristow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.11.051","article-title":"Minimal dose for effective clinical outcome and predictive factors for responsiveness to carvedilol: Japanese chronic heart failure (J-CHF) study","volume":"164","author":"H Okamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2807","article-title":"Carvedilol produces dose-related improvements in left ventricular function and survival in subjects with chronic heart failure. MOCHA Investigators","volume":"94","author":"MR Bristow","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2003.07.023","article-title":"Low-dose carvedilol improves left ventricular function and reduces cardiovascular hospitalization in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure: the Multicenter Carvedilol Heart Failure Dose Assessment (MUCHA) trial","volume":"147","author":"M Hori","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.1.0. In: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.1.0 [Internet]. 2011 [cited 25 Apr 2018]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/handbook-5-1.cochrane.org\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/handbook-5-1.cochrane.org\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dose of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers and outcomes in heart failure: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"MS Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Hear Fail"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-134","article-title":"How confidence intervals become confusion intervals","volume":"13","author":"J McCormack","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0212907","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T21:12:08Z","timestamp":1588972328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0212907"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Vinayak","family":"Shenoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0212907","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]}}}