{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:58:39Z","timestamp":1790740719484,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#HET-85518, #TMI-138656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#HET-85518, #TMI-138656"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000085","name":"Ontario HIV Treatment Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Knowledge, Translation and Exchange grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Knowledge, Translation and Exchange grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000085","name":"Ontario HIV Treatment Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Endowed Chair in HIV Research"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Endowed Chair in HIV Research"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T18:02:38Z","timestamp":1553882558000},"page":"e0213740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Barriers to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among African, Caribbean and Black men in Toronto, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2306-0677","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alice","family":"Zhabokritsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LaRon E.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wangari","family":"Tharao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winston","family":"Husbands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Sa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanhua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Thomas-Pavanel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamara","family":"Baidoobonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupert","family":"Kaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Latest statistics on the status of the AIDS epidemic. [Fact sheet on the internet]. UN Joint Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS); 2017 [cited 2018 May 18]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu046","article-title":"Lower pill burden and once-daily antiretroviral treatment regimens for HIV infection: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"58","author":"JB Nachega","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5148","article-title":"Sexual Activity Without Condoms and Risk of HIV Transmission in Serodifferent Couples When the HIV-Positive Partner Is Using Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy","volume":"316","author":"AJ Rodger","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1600693","article-title":"Antiretroviral Therapy for the Prevention of HIV-1 Transmission","volume":"375","author":"MS Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506273","article-title":"On-Demand Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men at High Risk for HIV-1 Infection","volume":"373","author":"JM Molina","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10013","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00056-2","article-title":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection (PROUD): effectiveness results from the pilot phase of a pragmatic open-label randomised trial","volume":"387","author":"S McCormack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"47","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1448","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170494","article-title":"Canadian guideline on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis","volume":"189","author":"DHS Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v43i12a01","article-title":"HIV in Canada\u2014Surveillance Report, 2016","volume":"43","author":"AC Bourgeois","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Visible minority (Black), Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 census\u201425% sample data; [Census on the Internet]. Statistics Canada; 2017 [cited 2018 May 18]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www12.statcan.ca\/census-recensement\/2016\/dp-pd\/hlt-fst\/imm\/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=41&Geo=00&SP=1&vismin=5&age=1&sex=1\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www12.statcan.ca\/census-recensement\/2016\/dp-pd\/hlt-fst\/imm\/Table.cfm?Lang=E&amp;T=41&amp;Geo=00&amp;SP=1&amp;vismin=5&amp;age=1&amp;sex=1<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2859-6","article-title":"Actual sexual risk and perceived risk of HIV acquisition among HIV-negative men who have sex with men in Toronto, Canada","volume":"16","author":"MA Kesler","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2011.011057","article-title":"Awareness of, usage of and willingness to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among men in downtown Toronto, Canada","volume":"22","author":"M Leonardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20777","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.19.1.20777","article-title":"Use of an HIV-risk screening tool to identify optimal candidates for PrEP scale-up among men who have sex with men in Toronto, Canada: disconnect between objective and subjective HIV risk","volume":"19","author":"J Wilton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2014.0303","article-title":"Minimal Awareness and Stalled Uptake of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among at Risk, HIV-Negative, Black Men Who Have Sex with Men","volume":"29","author":"LA Eaton","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-017-0756-6","article-title":"A Multi-US City Assessment of Awareness and Uptake of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention Among Black Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex with Men","volume":"18","author":"LA Eaton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.6536","article-title":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness and use in a population-based sample of young Black men who have sex with men","volume":"176","author":"AS Khanna","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections among African, Caribbean, and Black Men in Toronto, Canada","author":"LE Nelson","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1439-5","article-title":"Impact evaluation of a community-based intervention to reduce risky sexual behaviour among female sex workers in Shanghai, China","volume":"15","author":"J Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Can we measure HIV\/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination? [Internet]. UN Joint Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS); 2006 [cited 2018 May 18]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.icrw.org\/files\/publications\/Can-We-Measure-HIV-Stigma-and-Discrimination.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.icrw.org\/files\/publications\/Can-We-Measure-HIV-Stigma-and-Discrimination.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Stigma and Discrimination Indicator 1: Accepting attitudes towards those living with HIV [Internet]. UN Joint Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS); 2000 [cited 2018 May 18]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/gfatm\/guide\/stigma\/stigma.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/gfatm\/guide\/stigma\/stigma.html<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"27","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011205","article-title":"Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men","volume":"363","author":"RM Grant","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20791","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.19.1.20791","article-title":"Optimizing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation among men who have sex with men in a large urban centre: a dynamic modelling study","volume":"19","author":"DR MacFadden","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2012.0419","article-title":"From efficacy to effectiveness: facilitators and barriers to PrEP acceptability and motivations for adherence among MSM and transgender women in New York City","volume":"27","author":"SA Golub","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1178703","article-title":"Perceived HIV risk, actual sexual HIV risk and willingness to take pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in Toronto","volume":"28","author":"MA Kesler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Canada. AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21580","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.20.1.21580","article-title":"Awareness and willingness to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"S Yi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000206","article-title":"The role of healthcare providers in the roll out of preexposure prophylaxis","volume":"11","author":"DS Krakower","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318256b2f6","article-title":"Development of a clinical screening index predictive of incident HIV infection among men who have sex with men in the United States","volume":"60","author":"DK Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2017.0153","article-title":"The Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis-Stigma Paradox: Learning from Canada&apos;s First Wave of PrEP Users","volume":"32","author":"D Grace","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302816","article-title":"How Stigma Surrounding the Use of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Undermines Prevention and Pleasure: A Call to Destigmatize &quot;Truvada Whores","volume":"105","author":"SK Calabrese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0213740","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T19:49:56Z","timestamp":1588967396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0213740"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dawn K.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0213740","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]}}}