{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T22:58:54Z","timestamp":1788649134383,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL101274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL101274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T17:44:25Z","timestamp":1555609465000},"page":"e0215620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["HIV disease, metabolic dysfunction and atherosclerosis: A three year prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hann","family":"Low","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Pushkarsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larisa","family":"Dubrovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Dewar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Silvana","family":"Di Yacovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigora","family":"Mukhamedova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Downs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Saumoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew F.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Nestel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Dart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bukrinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8366-3832","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dmitri","family":"Sviridov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70271-8","article-title":"Metabolic disease in HIV infection","volume":"13","author":"JE Lake","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.10.036","article-title":"Carotid intima-media thickness among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients without coronary calcium","volume":"109","author":"PY Hsue","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq483","article-title":"Cardiovascular implications from untreated human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"32","author":"JV Baker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000327512.76126.6e","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications and atherosclerotic manifestations in the HIV-infected population: type, incidence and associated risk factors","volume":"22","author":"F Boccara","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028975","article-title":"Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Functions Underestimate Risk in HIV Infection","volume":"137","author":"VA Triant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030218","article-title":"Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction","volume":"349","author":"N Friis-Moller","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200102160-00005","article-title":"Premature atherosclerosis in HIV-infected individuals\u2014focus on protease inhibitor therapy","volume":"15","author":"M Depairon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59551","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059551","article-title":"Risk of Cardiovascular Disease from Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV: A Systematic Review","volume":"8","author":"C Bavinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Global Burden of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","author":"ASV Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040043","article-title":"HIV and cardiovascular disease: contribution of HIV-infected macrophages to development of atherosclerosis","volume":"4","author":"M Bukrinsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e365","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040365","article-title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Impairs Reverse Cholesterol Transport from Macrophages","volume":"4","author":"Z Mujawar","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-246876","article-title":"HIV protein Nef causes dyslipidemia and formation of foam cells in mouse models of atherosclerosis","volume":"28","author":"HL Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.014","article-title":"Randomized trial of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention in HIV-infected patients with moderate-high cardiovascular risk","volume":"246","author":"M Saumoy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.09.073","article-title":"Functional and structural markers of atherosclerosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients","volume":"47","author":"JP van Wijk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.12.022","article-title":"Both long-term HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy are independent risk factors for early carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"196","author":"MW Lorenz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832d3b85","article-title":"Preclinical atherosclerosis due to HIV infection: carotid intima-medial thickness measurements from the FRAM study","volume":"23","author":"C Grunfeld","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001719","article-title":"Comprehensive Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Reveal a High Burden of Myocardial Disease in HIV Patients","volume":"128","author":"CJ Holloway","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.02.024","article-title":"Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection","volume":"59","author":"ZH Tseng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000124480.32233.8A","article-title":"Progression of Atherosclerosis as Assessed by Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With HIV Infection","volume":"109","author":"PY Hsue","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0B013E31822D4993","article-title":"HIV infection and progression of carotid and coronary atherosclerosis: the CARE study","volume":"58","author":"A Mangili","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.04.010","article-title":"The effect of HIV infection on atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism: A one year prospective study","volume":"229","author":"H Rose","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.05.004","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in advanced na\u00efve HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy: Comparison of three different regimens\u2014PREVALEAT II cohort","volume":"263","author":"P Maggi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801300215","article-title":"Interruption of antiretroviral therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease in persons with HIV-1 infection: exploratory analyses from the SMART trial","volume":"13","author":"AN Phillips","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0950669","article-title":"Non-invasive measurements of arterial structure and function: repeatability, interrelationships and trial sample size","volume":"95","author":"YL Liang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"DR Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr103","article-title":"Mechanism of cholesterol efflux in humans after infusion of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein","volume":"33","author":"A Hoang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"e3810","article-title":"Cholesterol Efflux Assay","author":"H Low","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001160","article-title":"Plasma microRNA profiling predicts HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder","volume":"30","author":"EL Asahchop","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.103","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in patients infected with Nef-deficient HIV-1 strain","volume":"244","author":"H Low","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.10.012","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus per se exerts atherogenic effects","volume":"204","author":"U Oliviero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.025","article-title":"Carotid intima-media thickness for cardiovascular risk assessment: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"228","author":"SCH van den Oord","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients naive to antiretroviral therapy or receiving a first-line treatment","author":"L Calza","year":"2017","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trials"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.790857","article-title":"Diabetes Mellitus, Preexisting Coronary Heart Disease, and the Risk of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease Events in Patients Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D Study)","volume":"119","author":"SW Worm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249901000601","article-title":"Abnormal lipids and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: is there a problem and what should we do about it?","volume":"10","author":"MA Crook","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.22.2978","article-title":"Impact of HIV Infection and HAART on Serum Lipids in Men","volume":"289","author":"SA Riddler","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.104.3.257","article-title":"Use of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Protease Inhibitors Is Associated With Atherogenic Lipoprotein Changes and Endothelial Dysfunction","volume":"104","author":"JH Stein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2005.00273.x","article-title":"Effects of HIV disease on lipid, glucose and insulin levels: results from a large antiretroviral-naive cohort","volume":"6","author":"W El-Sadr","year":"2005","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.10.018","article-title":"HIV infection and high density lipoprotein metabolism","volume":"199","author":"H Rose","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1086\/654817","article-title":"Circulating Nef induces dyslipidemia in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques by suppressing cholesterol efflux","volume":"202","author":"BF Asztalos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.033","article-title":"miR-27b inhibits LDLR and ABCA1 expression but does not influence plasma and hepatic lipid levels in mice","volume":"243","author":"L Goedeke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.02.008","article-title":"MicroRNA-27a\/b regulates cellular cholesterol efflux, influx and esterification\/hydrolysis in THP-1 macrophages","volume":"234","author":"M Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2013.10.004","article-title":"MiR-27 orchestrates the transcriptional regulation of brown adipogenesis","volume":"63","author":"L Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-016-0353-8","article-title":"microRNA-27a rs895819 is associated with obesity in HIV infected preeclamptic Black South African women on HAART","volume":"17","author":"NR Maharaj","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.112.270314","article-title":"IRF-1 and miRNA126 Modulate VCAM-1 Expression in Response to a High-Fat Meal \/ Novelty and Significance","volume":"111","author":"C Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3487","article-title":"MicroRNA-126-5p promotes endothelial proliferation and limits atherosclerosis by suppressing Dlk1","volume":"20","author":"A Schober","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"MicroRNA miR-126-5p Enhances the Inflammatory Responses of Monocytes to Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation by Suppressing Cylindromatosis in Chronic HIV-1","volume":"91","author":"J Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infection. J Virol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-491","article-title":"Identifying common and specific microRNAs expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cell of type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes mellitus patients","volume":"6","author":"CV Collares","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0215620","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T08:53:55Z","timestamp":1663318435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0215620"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Esther","family":"Lutgens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0215620","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]]}}}