{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:55:14Z","timestamp":1788414914247,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2017YFB0202601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFB0202601"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T17:27:57Z","timestamp":1556904477000},"page":"e0216492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["A comprehensive study capturing vision loss burden in Pakistan (1990-2025): Findings from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3672-8100","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bilal","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramsha","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahid ul","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Accessed November 2018. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.gov.pk\/content\/provisional-summary-results-6th-population-and-housing-census-2017-0\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.pbs.gov.pk\/content\/provisional-summary-results-6th-population-and-housing-census-2017-0<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"World Bank (Country and Lending Groups). Accessed November 2018. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"World Bank (World Development Indicators). Accessed November 2018. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/data\/source\/world-development-indicators\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/data\/source\/world-development-indicators<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.3055","article-title":"Extent of Exacerbation of Chronic Health Conditions by Visual Impairment in Terms of Health-Related Quality of Life","volume":"133","author":"SJ Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.3494","article-title":"Vision Impairment and Chronic Health Conditions: Implications for Services","volume":"133","author":"JE Keeffe","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0132779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132779","article-title":"The relationship between visual impairment and health-related quality of life in Korean adults: The Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2008\u20132012)","volume":"10","author":"Y Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10159","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"SL James","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network, Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) Results. Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2018. Accessed February 2019. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ghdx.healthdata.org\/gbd-results-tool\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/ghdx.healthdata.org\/gbd-results-tool<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"196","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of blindness in Pakistan","volume":"42","author":"MS Memon","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.108035","article-title":"Causes of blindness and visual impairment in Pakistan. The Pakistan national blindness and visual impairment survey","volume":"91","author":"B Dineen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4749","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0374","article-title":"Prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in Pakistan: the Pakistan National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey","volume":"47","author":"MZ Jadoon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580500230948","article-title":"The Pakistan national blindness and visual impairment survey\u2014research design, eye examination methodology and results of the pilot study","volume":"12","author":"R Bourne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580490921304","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision in a rural setting in Pakistan","volume":"12","author":"K Ahmad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.078527","article-title":"Cataract blindness and visual outcome of cataract surgery in a tribal area in Pakistan","volume":"90","author":"K Anjum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.10.4.249.15907","article-title":"Cataract blindness in Chakwal District, Pakistan: results of a survey","volume":"10","author":"S Haider","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref16","first-page":"291","article-title":"Pattern of eye diseases in children of 5\u201315 years at Bazzertaline Area (South Karachi) Pakistan","volume":"15","author":"SP Shaikh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.3527","article-title":"Global burden of eye and vision disease as reflected in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"133","author":"LN Boyers","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref18","first-page":"e888","article-title":"Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"RR Bourne","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref19","first-page":"e1221","article-title":"Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990\u20132020: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"SR Flaxman","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of vision loss in North Africa and Middle East in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections","author":"R Kahloun","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of vision loss in South-east Asia and Oceania in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections","author":"JE Keeffe","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of vision loss in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections","author":"JL Leasher","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311258","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of vision loss in high-income countries and in Eastern and Central Europe in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections","volume":"102","author":"RR Bourne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310333","article-title":"Burden of vision loss associated with eye disease in China 1990\u20132020: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"102","author":"B Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2015.1058958","article-title":"Global efforts to generate evidence for Vision 2020","volume":"22","author":"M He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref26","first-page":"211","article-title":"Health Care System in Pakistan; A Review","volume":"2","author":"A Shumaila","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Pharm Healt Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.32413\/pjph.v7i3.74","article-title":"Accreditation and health care quality assurance in Pakistan: A desk review","volume":"7","author":"F Rabbani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-017-1702-5","article-title":"What Determines Health Status of Population in Pakistan?","volume":"139","author":"F Abbas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.2508","article-title":"Task sharing in the eye care workforce: Screening, detection, and management of diabetic retinopathy in Pakistan. A case study","volume":"33","author":"M Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Health Plann Mgmt"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0131774","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131774","article-title":"Gendered disparities in quality of cataract surgery in a marginalised population in Pakistan: The Karachi Marine Fishing Communities Eye and General Health Survey","volume":"10","author":"K Ahmad","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan B, Ahmed R, Li B. Computer Aided Diagnosis of Idiopathic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. 2018 2nd IEEE Advanced Information Management, Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC); 2018: IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IMCEC.2018.8469292"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan B, Raja G. Fully automated assessment of macular edema using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. 2016 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Engineering (ICISE); 2016: IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/INTELSE.2016.7475153"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0216492","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T02:54:22Z","timestamp":1588992862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0216492"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rohit C.","family":"Khanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0216492","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]}}}