{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T08:56:41Z","timestamp":1769245001520,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HD074542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HD074542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50HD076210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50HD076210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T17:42:58Z","timestamp":1557423778000},"page":"e0216586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Aberrant gene expression by Sertoli cells in infertile men with Sertoli cell-only syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Darius A.","family":"Paduch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Hilz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Grimson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter N.","family":"Schlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Jedlicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2413-8886","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"William W.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.suppl_1.33","article-title":"Epidemiology and aetiology of male infertility","volume":"13","author":"DS Irvine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(97)00032-0","article-title":"Testicular sperm extraction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection for nonobstructive azoospermia","volume":"49","author":"PN Schlegel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.014050","article-title":"Maintenance of mouse male germ line stem cells in vitro","volume":"68","author":"M Nagano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.004549","article-title":"Expansion of murine spermatogonial stem cells through serial transplantation","volume":"68","author":"T Ogawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00025.2011","article-title":"The germline stem cell niche unit in mammalian testes","volume":"92","author":"JM Oatley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.119099","article-title":"Responses to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor change in mice as spermatogonial stem cells form progenitor spermatogonia which replicate and give rise to more differentiated progeny","volume":"91","author":"N Parker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"273","article-title":"Sertoli Cell Biology","author":"WW Wright","year":"2015"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.091850","article-title":"Stem Leydig cell differentiation: gene expression during development of the adult rat population of Leydig cells","volume":"85","author":"EL Stanley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3659","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.152413","article-title":"Unraveling transcriptome dynamics in human spermatogenesis","volume":"144","author":"SZ Jan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gax012","article-title":"Comparison of global gene expression profiles of microdissected human foetal Leydig cells with their normal and hyperplastic adult equivalents","volume":"23","author":"G Lottrup","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00310055","article-title":"Quantification of cell types throughout the cycle of the human seminiferous epithelium and their DNA content. A new approach to the spermatogonial stem cell in man","volume":"176","author":"R Paniagua","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anat Embryol (Berl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12261","article-title":"The total number of Leydig and Sertoli cells in the testes of men across various age groups\u2014a stereological study","volume":"226","author":"PM Petersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092000308","article-title":"Permeability to lanthanum of blood testis barrier in human germinal aplasia","volume":"200","author":"M Camatini","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1267\/ahc.07001","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of connexin43 expression in infertile human testes","volume":"40","author":"Y Matsuo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Histochem Cytochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2014-1101","article-title":"The Mammalian Blood-Testis Barrier: Its Biology and Regulation","volume":"36","author":"DD Mruk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21789","article-title":"Asymmetric distribution of UCH-L1 in spermatogonia is associated with maintenance and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells","volume":"220","author":"J Luo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a002642","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a002642","article-title":"Germline stem cells","volume":"3","author":"A Spradling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59431","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059431","article-title":"The niche-derived glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) induces migration of mouse spermatogonial stem\/progenitor cells","volume":"8","author":"L Dovere","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex061","article-title":"The production of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor by human sertoli cells is substantially reduced in sertoli cell-only testes","volume":"32","author":"D Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1071\/RD03087","article-title":"Causes of azoospermia and their management","volume":"16","author":"PN Schlegel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp324","article-title":"Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform","volume":"25","author":"H Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu638","article-title":"HTSeq\u2014a Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data","volume":"31","author":"S Anders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616","article-title":"edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data","volume":"26","author":"MD Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8315","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709854105","article-title":"Stage-specific gene expression is a fundamental characteristic of rat spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells","volume":"105","author":"DS Johnston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2018.07.025","article-title":"A Comprehensive Roadmap of Murine Spermatogenesis Defined by Single-Cell RNA-Seq","volume":"46","author":"CD Green","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4347","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.080119","article-title":"Retinoic acid signaling in Sertoli cells regulates organization of the blood-testis barrier through cyclical changes in gene expression","volume":"139","author":"K Hasegawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-09-0532","article-title":"Establishment of long-term monolayer cultures of somatic cells from human fetal testes and expansion of peritubular myoid cells in the presence of androgen","volume":"139","author":"G Cowan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.004424","article-title":"Immunolocalization of inhibin and activin alpha and betaB subunits and expression of corresponding messenger RNAs in the human adult testis","volume":"68","author":"C Marchetti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"D1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D362","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw937","article-title":"The STRING database in 2017: quality-controlled protein-protein association networks, made broadly accessible","volume":"45","author":"D Szklarczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2017.09.003","article-title":"Chromatin and Single-Cell RNA-Seq Profiling Reveal Dynamic Signaling and Metabolic Transitions during Human Spermatogonial Stem Cell Development","volume":"21","author":"J Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(89)90084-1","article-title":"The androgen-binding protein gene is expressed in CD1 mouse testis","volume":"63","author":"YM Wang","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-925336","article-title":"Human sex hormone-binding globulin is expressed in testicular germ cells and not in sertoli cells","volume":"38","author":"DM Selva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003645","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003645","article-title":"The Wilms tumor gene, Wt1, is critical for mouse spermatogenesis via regulation of sertoli cell polarity and is associated with non-obstructive azoospermia in humans","volume":"9","author":"XN Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.6.1825","article-title":"Desert hedgehog (Dhh) gene is required in the mouse testis for formation of adult-type Leydig cells and normal development of peritubular cells and seminiferous tubules","volume":"63","author":"AM Clark","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63603","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063603","article-title":"Dickkopf homolog 3 (DKK3) plays a crucial role upstream of WNT\/beta-CATENIN signaling for Sertoli cell mediated regulation of spermatogenesis","volume":"8","author":"DS Das","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3652","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf386","article-title":"Absence of the prion protein homologue Doppel causes male sterility","volume":"21","author":"A Behrens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.12.019","article-title":"Roles of connexins in testis development and spermatogenesis","volume":"50","author":"GM Kidder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"333","article-title":"Sertoli Cell Biology","author":"CY Cheng","year":"2015"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-009-0576-2","article-title":"Claudin-11 is over-expressed and dislocated from the blood-testis barrier in Sertoli cells associated with testicular intraepithelial neoplasia in men","volume":"131","author":"C Fink","year":"2009","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0160349","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160349","article-title":"Highly Conserved Testicular Localization of Claudin-11 in Normal and Impaired Spermatogenesis","volume":"11","author":"A Stammler","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3775","article-title":"Organization and execution of the epithelial polarity programme","volume":"15","author":"E Rodriguez-Boulan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28589","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28589","article-title":"Polarity protein Crumbs homolog-3 (CRB3) regulates ectoplasmic specialization dynamics through its action on F-actin organization in Sertoli cells","volume":"6","author":"Y Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.109.079202","article-title":"EPAS1 Is Required for Spermatogenesis in the Postnatal Mouse Testis","volume":"82","author":"M Gruber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.3.1353","article-title":"Spectrin and ankyrin-based pathways: metazoan inventions for integrating cells into tissues","volume":"81","author":"V Bennett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2013.05.002","article-title":"Spectrins: a structural platform for stabilization and activation of membrane channels, receptors and transporters","volume":"1838","author":"B Machnicka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25029","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501049200","article-title":"Sertoli-germ cell anchoring junction dynamics in the testis are regulated by an interplay of lipid and protein kinases","volume":"280","author":"MK Siu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6108","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219969","article-title":"Germ cell migration across Sertoli cell tight junctions","volume":"338","author":"BE Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E553","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00176.2014","article-title":"Differential effects of c-Src and c-Yes on the endocytic vesicle-mediated trafficking events at the Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier: an in vitro study","volume":"307","author":"X Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0167145","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167145","article-title":"The RAS-Effector Interface: Isoform-Specific Differences in the Effector Binding Regions","volume":"11","author":"H Nakhaeizadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.10.018","article-title":"Role of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase signaling in vesicular trafficking","volume":"167","author":"S Bhattacharya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35663","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035663","article-title":"Rab20 regulates phagosome maturation in RAW264 macrophages during Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis","volume":"7","author":"Y Egami","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Pt 20","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4647","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.126573","article-title":"Rab40b regulates trafficking of MMP2 and MMP9 during invadopodia formation and invasion of breast cancer cells","volume":"126","author":"A Jacob","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref53","first-page":"929","article-title":"Rab3D: a regulator of exocytosis in non-neuronal cells","volume":"17","author":"AL Millar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.068627","article-title":"Seminiferous tubule degeneration and infertility in mice with sustained activation of WNT\/CTNNB1 signaling in sertoli cells","volume":"79","author":"A Boyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29764","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029764","article-title":"CTNNB1 signaling in sertoli cells downregulates spermatogonial stem cell activity via WNT4","volume":"7","author":"A Boyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.121012","article-title":"FGF8-FGFR1 signaling acts as a niche factor for maintaining undifferentiated spermatogonia in the mouse","volume":"91","author":"K Hasegawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"Pt 14","key":"ref57","first-page":"2357","article-title":"Wnt5a is a cell-extrinsic factor that supports self-renewal of mouse spermatogonial stem cells","volume":"124","author":"JR Yeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"Pt 16","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3363","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00650","article-title":"Developmental expression of BMP4\/ALK3\/SMAD5 signaling pathway in the mouse testis: a potential role of BMP4 in spermatogonia differentiation","volume":"116","author":"M Pellegrini","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9536192","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9536192","article-title":"BMP4 Cooperates with Retinoic Acid to Induce the Expression of Differentiation Markers in Cultured Mouse Spermatogonia","volume":"2016","author":"Y Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.10.2125","article-title":"Regulation of proliferation and differentiation in spermatogonial stem cells: the role of c-kit and its ligand SCF","volume":"127","author":"H Ohta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.032243","article-title":"Colony stimulating factor 1 is an extrinsic stimulator of mouse spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal","volume":"136","author":"JM Oatley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.119826","article-title":"CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling is required for the maintenance of mouse spermatogonial stem cells","volume":"126","author":"QE Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Characterization and Functionality of Proliferative Human Sertoli Cells","author":"K Chui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.087676","article-title":"Stage-specific changes in GDNF expression by rat Sertoli cells: a possible regulator of the replication and differentiation of stem spermatogonia","volume":"85","author":"DS Johnston","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.111.013664","article-title":"Inhibition of claudin-11 and occludin expression in rat Sertoli cells by mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate through p44\/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway","volume":"33","author":"K Chiba","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.07.012","article-title":"Adherens and tight junctions: structure, function and connections to the actin cytoskeleton","volume":"1778","author":"A Hartsock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.10.1771","article-title":"Tight junctions are membrane microdomains","volume":"113","author":"A Nusrat","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M009259200","article-title":"alpha -Catenin binds directly to spectrin and facilitates spectrin-membrane assembly in vivo","volume":"276","author":"D Pradhan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3493","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.8.21.9833","article-title":"Regulation of blood-testis barrier dynamics by focal adhesion kinase (FAK): an unexpected turn of events","volume":"8","author":"CY Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/10409230903061207","article-title":"An intracellular trafficking pathway in the seminiferous epithelium regulating spermatogenesis: a biochemical and molecular perspective","volume":"44","author":"CY Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161 e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.06.036","article-title":"Expression pattern of testicular claudin-11 in infertile men","volume":"80","author":"K Chiba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod67.3.945","article-title":"Gap junctions with varied permeability properties establish cell-type specific communication pathways in the rat seminiferous epithelium","volume":"67","author":"MS Risley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10473","article-title":"Functional characterization of Cx43 based gap junctions during spermatogenesis","volume":"200","author":"X Decrouy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/s40778-017-0100-x","article-title":"Integrin and FAK Regulation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells","volume":"3","author":"L Vitillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Stem Cell Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00255-7","article-title":"Socializing with the neighbors: stem cells and their niche","volume":"116","author":"E Fuchs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7097","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04956","article-title":"Asymmetric and symmetric stem-cell divisions in development and cancer","volume":"441","author":"SJ Morrison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5457","key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5457.1489","article-title":"Regulation of cell fate decision of undifferentiated spermatogonia by GDNF","volume":"287","author":"X Meng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2013.06.005","article-title":"Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) induced migration of spermatogonial cells in vitro via MEK and NF-kB pathways","volume":"86","author":"M Huleihel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(02)00004-7","article-title":"Homeostatic regulation of germinal stem cell proliferation by the GDNF\/FSH pathway","volume":"113","author":"Y Tadokoro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-97-3-636","article-title":"Androgen binding protein as a biochemical marker of formation of the blood-testis barrier","volume":"97","author":"DJ Tindall","year":"1975","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221648","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566259200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0216586","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]],"date-time":"2022-09-17T19:13:34Z","timestamp":1663442014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0216586"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schlatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0216586","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221648","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]}}}