{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:36:38Z","timestamp":1788503798096,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U01CK000509-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U01CK000509-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T17:30:46Z","timestamp":1559583046000},"page":"e0217854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Seasonal temperatures and hydrological conditions improve the prediction of West Nile virus infection rates in Culex mosquitoes and human case counts in New York and Connecticut"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5256-6274","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Keyel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Elison Timm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Bryon","family":"Backenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6425-6839","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catharine","family":"Prussing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Quinones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"McDonough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Vuille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan E.","family":"Conn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip M.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore G.","family":"Andreadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura D.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Final Cumulative Maps &amp; Data for 1999\u20132016","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Species of dead birds in which West Nile virus has been detected, United States, 1999\u20132016","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05829","article-title":"West Nile virus emergence and large-scale declines of North American bird populations","volume":"447","author":"SL LaDeau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14290","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1507747112","article-title":"Persistent impacts of West Nile virus on North American bird populations","volume":"112","author":"TL George","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Pica nutalli. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Secies","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1012.040264","article-title":"Alligators as West Nile virus amplifiers","volume":"10","author":"K Klenk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.697","article-title":"Experimental infection of fox squirrels (<italic>Sciurus niger<\/italic>) with West Nile virus","volume":"75","author":"JJ Root","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1963.11686194","article-title":"Natural and experimental infection of Egyptian equines with West Nile virus","volume":"57","author":"JR Schmidt","year":"1963","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32816b5cad","article-title":"Experimental infections with West Nile virus","volume":"20","author":"RA Bowen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"76","article-title":"Experimental infection of <italic>Culex pipiens<\/italic> mosquitoes with West Nile virus by feeding on infected <italic>Rana ridibunda<\/italic> frogs and its subsequent transmission (in Russian)","volume":"6","author":"M Kostyukov","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med Parasitol Mosc"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-007-9055-8","article-title":"The economic impact of West Nile virus infection in horses in the North Dakota equine industry in 2002","volume":"40","author":"MN Mongoh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1103.040364","article-title":"West Nile virus risk assessment and the bridge vector paradigm","volume":"11","author":"AM Kilpatrick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1955.4.872","article-title":"Indigenous Wild Birds of the Nile Delta as Potential West Nile Virus Circulating Reservoirs1","volume":"4","author":"TH Work","year":"1955","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0903.020628","article-title":"Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus","volume":"9","author":"N Komar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3575","article-title":"Host heterogeneity dominates West Nile virus transmission","volume":"273","author":"AM Kilpatrick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2011.00143.x","article-title":"Abundance of West Nile virus mosquito vectors in relation to climate and landscape variables","volume":"36","author":"JM Deichmeister","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585(2006)043[0309:EOTOTT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Effects of Temperature on the Transmission of West Nile Virus by <italic>Culex tarsalis<\/italic> (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"43","author":"WK Reisen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-39.1.221","article-title":"Effect of environmental temperature on the ability of <italic>Culex pipiens<\/italic> (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit West Nile virus","volume":"39","author":"DJ Dohm","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0101","article-title":"Impact of extrinsic incubation temperature and virus exposure on vector competence of <italic>Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus<\/italic> Say (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus","volume":"7","author":"SL Richards","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040082","article-title":"West Nile virus epidemics in North America are driven by shifts in mosquito feeding behavior","volume":"4","author":"AM Kilpatrick","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"American Robin (<italic>Turdus migratorius<\/italic>), version 2.0. Birds of North America","author":"N Vanderhoff","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1720-1","article-title":"Development and validation of a climate-based ensemble prediction model for West Nile Virus infection rates in Culex mosquitoes, Suffolk County, New York","volume":"9","author":"E Little","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Towards an early warning system for forecasting human West Nile virus incidence","volume":"6","author":"CA Manore","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Curr"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0737","article-title":"Meteorological conditions associated with increased incidence of West Nile virus disease in the United States, 2004\u20132012","volume":"92","author":"MB Hahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1603\/ME10269","article-title":"Meteorological and hydrological influences on the spatial and temporal prevalence of West Nile virus in Culex mosquitoes, Suffolk County, New York","volume":"48","author":"J Shaman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-8-67","article-title":"Risk factors for human infection with West Nile Virus in Connecticut: a multi-year analysis","volume":"8","author":"A Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30620","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030620","article-title":"The role of hydrogeography and climate in the landscape epidemiology of West Nile virus in New York State from 2000 to 2010.","volume":"7","author":"MG Walsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0202","article-title":"Meteorologically conditioned time-series predictions of West Nile virus vector mosquitoes","volume":"8","author":"P Trawinski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0590","article-title":"Inter-annual associations between precipitation and human incidence of West Nile virus in the United States","volume":"7","author":"WJ Landesman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/42.2.134","article-title":"Drought-induced amplification and epidemic transmission of West Nile virus in southern Florida","volume":"42","author":"J Shaman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20162078","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2016.2078","article-title":"Drought and immunity determine the intensity of West Nile virus epidemics and climate change impacts","volume":"284","author":"SH Paull","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"169","article-title":"Certain effects of grouping upon the size of the correlation coefficient in census tract material","volume":"29","author":"CE Gehlke","year":"1934","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Statistical Application in the Spatial Sciences","author":"S Openshaw","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1068\/a231025","article-title":"The modifiable areal unit problem in multivariate statistical analysis","volume":"23","author":"AS Fotheringham","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ Plan A"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1466-822X.2003.00042.x","article-title":"Predicting the impacts of climate change on the distribution of species: are bioclimate envelope models useful?","volume":"12","author":"RG Pearson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glob Ecol Biogeogr"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3359","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1521657113","article-title":"Spatial scale modulates the strength of ecological processes driving disease distributions","volume":"113","author":"JM Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/27.5.892","article-title":"Temperature-dependent development and survival rates of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"27","author":"L Rueda","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-008-1169-9","article-title":"Ecological correlates of risk and incidence of West Nile virus in the United States","volume":"158","author":"BF Allan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2004.4.360","article-title":"Epidemiology of West Nile virus in Connecticut: a five-year analysis of mosquito data 1999\u20132003","volume":"4","author":"TG Andreadis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0134","article-title":"Regional differences in the association between land cover and West Nile virus disease incidence in humans in the United States","volume":"84","author":"SE Bowden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0154","article-title":"Remotely-sensed vegetation indices identify mosquito clusters of West Nile virus vectors in an urban landscape in the northeastern United States","volume":"8","author":"H Brown","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1410.071396","article-title":"Ecologic factors associated with West Nile virus transmission, northeastern United States","volume":"14","author":"HE Brown","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1089\/15303660260613729","article-title":"Spatial analysis of West Nile virus: rapid risk assessment of an introduced vector-borne zoonosis","volume":"2","author":"JS Brownstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14592","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14592","article-title":"Ensemble forecast of human West Nile virus cases and mosquito infection rates","volume":"8","author":"NB DeFelice","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006047","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006047","article-title":"Use of temperature to improve West Nile virus forecasts","volume":"14","author":"NB DeFelice","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.6.283","article-title":"Modeling the spatial distribution of mosquito vectors for West Nile virus in Connecticut, USA","volume":"6","author":"MA Diuk-Wasser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2008.12.004","article-title":"Irrigation linked to a greater incidence of human and veterinary West Nile virus cases in the United States from 2004 to 2006","volume":"89","author":"MC Gates","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01854","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.1854","article-title":"Spatiotemporal modeling of ecological and sociological predictors of West Nile virus in Suffolk County, NY, mosquitoes","volume":"8","author":"MH Myer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.397","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Bayesian modeling of West Nile virus: Identifying risk of infection in mosquitoes with local-scale predictors","volume":"650","author":"MH Myer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585(2008)45[563:CAODAA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Comparative analysis of distribution and abundance of West Nile and eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus vectors in Suffolk County, New York, using human population density and land use\/cover data","volume":"45","author":"I Rochlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.661","article-title":"Distribution and abundance of host-seeking <italic>Culex<\/italic> species at three proximate locations with different levels of West Nile virus activity","volume":"80","author":"I Rochlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23280","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023280","article-title":"Predictive Mapping of Human Risk for West Nile Virus (WNV) Based on Environmental and Socioeconomic Factors","volume":"6","author":"I Rochlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3376\/1081-1710-33.2.293","article-title":"Estimates of worst case baseline West Nile virus disease effects in a suburban New York county","volume":"33","author":"DJ Tonjes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0063","article-title":"Identification of environmental covariates of West Nile virus vector mosquito population abundance","volume":"10","author":"PR Trawinski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2013.09.022","article-title":"A remote sensing and GIS-assisted landscape epidemiology approach to West Nile virus","volume":"45","author":"SG Young","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Geogr"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.3390\/v5123021","article-title":"Vector-virus interactions and transmission dynamics of West Nile virus","volume":"5","author":"AT Ciota","year":"2013","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"L. Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref58","unstructured":"Python Software Foundation. Python Language Reference, version 2.7.12 (32-bit) [Internet]. 2016. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.python.org\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.python.org<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref60","unstructured":"New York State Department of Health. New York Mosquito Trap Data. To access these data, contact: Bryon Backenson at <email xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:type=\"simple\">bryon.backenson@health.ny.gov<\/email>. 2018."},{"key":"ref61","unstructured":"Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station. Connecticut Mosquito Trap Data. These data contain sensitive information; for access contact Theodore Andreadis at <email xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:type=\"simple\">theodore.andreadis@ct.gov<\/email>. 2018."},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Communicable Disease Annual Reports and Related Information","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref63","unstructured":"Connecticut State Department of Public Health. West Nile Virus Statistics [Internet]. 2018. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/portal.ct.gov\/DPH\/Infectious-Diseases\/EEI\/West-Nile-Virus-Statistics\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/portal.ct.gov\/DPH\/Infectious-Diseases\/EEI\/West-Nile-Virus-Statistics<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050289b","article-title":"Virology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of West Nile virus disease","volume":"11","author":"EB Hayes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05480-0","article-title":"Epidemic West Nile encephalitis, New York, 1999: results of a household-based seroepidemiological survey","volume":"358","author":"F Mostashari","year":"2001","journal-title":"The lancet"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1205.051287","article-title":"West Nile virus infections projected from blood donor screening data, United States, 2003","volume":"12","author":"MP Busch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"496","article-title":"A portable battery-powered trap for collecting gravid Culex mosquitoes","volume":"43","author":"P. Reiter","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mosq News"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/42.1.57","article-title":"An Update on the Potential of North American Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Transmit West Nile Virus","volume":"42","author":"MJ Turell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.413","article-title":"Potential for New York mosquitoes to transmit West Nile virus","volume":"62","author":"MJ Turell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"rspb20111282","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.1282","article-title":"Vector host-feeding preferences drive transmission of multi-host pathogens: West Nile virus as a model system","volume":"279","author":"JE Simpson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0704.017421","article-title":"West Nile virus infection in mosquitoes, birds, horses, and humans, Staten Island, New York, 2000","volume":"7","author":"VL Kulasekera","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.1.125","article-title":"<italic>Culex pipiens<\/italic> (Diptera: Culicidae): A Bridge Vector of West Nile Virus to Humans","volume":"45","author":"GL Hamer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1203.051004","article-title":"Host Feeding Patterns of Culex Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus Transmission, Northeastern United States","volume":"12","author":"G Molaei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02699.x","article-title":"Structure and Seasonality of Nearctic <italic>Culex pipiens<\/italic> Populations","volume":"951","author":"Andrew Spielman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1089\/08828240152716574","article-title":"West Nile virus activity in the United States, 2001","volume":"14","author":"KA Bernard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Identification and Geographical Distribution of the Mosquitoes of North America, North of Mexico","author":"R Darsie","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"Illustrated key to common mosquitoes of northeastern North America","author":"CJ Stojanovich","year":"1961"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Genus <italic>Aedes<\/italic> Meigen, with Identification Keys to Genera of Culicidae","volume":"430a","author":"R. Means","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mosquitoes of New York: Part II. Genera of Culicidae other than <italic>Aedes<\/italic>","volume":"430b","author":"R. Means","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Y State Mus Bull"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520325098","article-title":"Mosquitoes of North America (North of Mexico)","author":"SJ Carpenter","year":"1955"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"377","article-title":"Statistical estimation of virus infection rates in mosquito vector populations","volume":"75","author":"CL Chiang","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112961","article-title":"Estimation of infection rates in populations of organisms using pools of variable size","volume":"112","author":"SD Walter","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1577\/H04-066.1","article-title":"Estimation of pathogen prevalence in pooled samples using maximum likelihood methods and open-source software","volume":"17","author":"CJ Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Aquat Anim Health"},{"key":"ref84","article-title":"PooledInfRate Version 4.0: a Microsoft\u00ae Office\\copyright Excel Add-In to compute prevalence estimates from pooled samples","author":"BJ Biggerstaff","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-15-0026.1","article-title":"Gridded ensemble precipitation and temperature estimates for the contiguous United States","volume":"16","author":"AJ Newman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hydrometeorol"},{"key":"ref86","article-title":"Global historical climatology network-daily (GHCN-Daily), Version 3","author":"MJ Menne","year":"2012","journal-title":"NOAA Natl Clim Data Cent"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-11-00103.1","article-title":"An overview of the global historical climatology network-daily database","volume":"29","author":"MJ Menne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Atmospheric Ocean Technol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM474.1","article-title":"Probabilistic quantitative precipitation estimation in complex terrain","volume":"7","author":"MP Clark","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hydrometeorol"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-006-9051-4","article-title":"Going to the Extremes","volume":"79","author":"C Tebaldi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clim Change"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10,888","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JD027523","article-title":"The 2016 Southeastern U.S. Drought: An Extreme Departure From Centennial Wetting and Cooling","volume":"122","author":"Williams A. Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Geophys Res Atmospheres"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"108","article-title":"Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational mesoscale Eta model","author":"M. B. Ek","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Geophys Res Atmospheres"},{"key":"ref92","first-page":"116","article-title":"The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with local-scale measurements","author":"Guo-Yue Niu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Geophys Res Atmospheres"},{"key":"ref93","first-page":"117","article-title":"Continental\u2010scale water and energy flux analysis and validation for North American Land Data Assimilation System project phase 2 (NLDAS\u20102): 2. Validation of model\u2010simulated streamflow","author":"Y Xia","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Geophys Res Atmospheres"},{"key":"ref94","first-page":"23","article-title":"Oviposition preferences of <italic>Culex pipiens<\/italic> and <italic>Culex restuans<\/italic> for infusion-baited traps","volume":"12","author":"RL Lampman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.2987\/8756-971X(2006)21[360:OPOCRA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Oviposition preferences of <italic>Culex restuans<\/italic> and <italic>Culex pipien<\/italic>s (Diptera: Culicidae) for selected infusions in oviposition traps and gravid traps","volume":"21","author":"BT Jackson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc"},{"key":"ref96","article-title":"The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analyses 1966\u20132015. Version 2.07.2017","author":"JR Sauer","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.1031","article-title":"Avian hosts for West Nile virus in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, 2002","volume":"73","author":"N Komar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.387","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalitis virus in birds: relative competence of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)","volume":"60","author":"N Komar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref99","unstructured":"Farnsworth GL, Nichols JD, Sauer JR, Fancy SG, Pollock KH, Shriner SA, et al. Statistical approaches to the analysis of point count data: a little extra information can go a long way. Bird conservation implementation and integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-GTR-191; 2005. pp. 736\u2013743."},{"key":"ref100","article-title":"IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 12.0","author":"S Manson","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0786","article-title":"National and regional associations between human West Nile virus incidence and demographic, landscape, and land use conditions in the coterminous United States","volume":"12","author":"JP DeGroote","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref102","first-page":"345","article-title":"Completion of the 2011 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States\u2013representing a decade of land cover change information","volume":"81","author":"C Homer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photogramm Eng Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref103","article-title":"EPA Facility Registry Service (FRS): Wastewater Treatment Plants","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref104","first-page":"18","article-title":"Classification and Regression by randomForest","volume":"2","author":"A Liaw","year":"2002","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.5b00206","article-title":"Beware of R 2: simple, unambiguous assessment of the prediction accuracy of QSAR and QSPR models","volume":"55","author":"D Alexander","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Chem Inf Model"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1968.10490530","article-title":"Estimation of Error Rates in Discriminant Analysis","volume":"10","author":"PA Lachenbruch","year":"1968","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2307\/2347663","article-title":"Model interpretation from the additive elements of the likelihood function","author":"J. Whittaker","year":"1984","journal-title":"Appl Stat"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1650\/0010-5422(2006)108[0047:AVATIM]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A variance-decomposition approach to investigating multiscale habitat associations","volume":"108","author":"JJ Lawler","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Condor"},{"key":"ref109","article-title":"caret: Classification and Regression Training","author":"J Wing MKC from","year":"2017","journal-title":"caret: Classification and Regression Training"},{"key":"ref110","first-page":"279","article-title":"Cautionary Note about R2","volume":"39","author":"TO Kvalseth","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"key":"ref111","article-title":"2010 Census County\u2014Connecticut","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-007-0150-0","article-title":"Influence of warming tendency on <italic>Culex pipiens<\/italic> population abundance and on the probability of West Nile Fever outbreaks (Israeli case study: 2001\u20132005)","volume":"5","author":"S Paz","year":"2008","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i11","article-title":"Feature selection with the Boruta package","volume":"36","author":"MB Kursa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"ref114","first-page":"589","article-title":"Consistent feature selection for pattern recognition in polynomial time","volume":"8","author":"R Nilsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-3-8","article-title":"Environmental and social determinants of human risk during a West Nile virus outbreak in the greater Chicago area, 2002","volume":"3","author":"MO Ruiz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-6-10","article-title":"Association of West Nile virus illness and urban landscapes in Chicago and Detroit","volume":"6","author":"MO Ruiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15437","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015437","article-title":"Economic conditions predict prevalence of West Nile virus","volume":"5","author":"RJ Harrigan","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12863","article-title":"Age\u2010related alterations in immune responses to West Nile virus infection","volume":"187","author":"R. Montgomery","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref119","article-title":"Spatial analysis: a guide for ecologists","author":"MR Dale","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2007.0906-7590.05171.x","article-title":"Methods to account for spatial autocorrelation in the analysis of species distributional data: a review","volume":"30","author":"CF Dormann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spl.2014.09.002","article-title":"Association of zero-inflated continuous variables","volume":"96","author":"RS Pimentel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stat Probab Lett"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2987\/8756-971X-28.4s.137","article-title":"The contribution of <italic>Culex pipiens<\/italic> complex mosquitoes to transmission and persistence of West Nile virus in North America","volume":"28","author":"TG Andreadis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-16-0017.1","article-title":"The subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction project database","volume":"98","author":"F Vitart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull Am Meteorol Soc"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0217854","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T06:20:04Z","timestamp":1663568404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0217854"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Shaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0217854","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]]}}}