{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T02:15:32Z","timestamp":1778638532945,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31572244, 31872188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31572244, 31872188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61671311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61671311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T17:31:12Z","timestamp":1562347872000},"page":"e0218486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparative morphology refines the conventional model of spider reproduction"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yongjia","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huitao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zishang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matja\u017e","family":"Kuntner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8932-9413","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lihong","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Biology of Spiders","author":"RF Foelix","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1139\/z62-043","article-title":"The structure, function, and postembryonic development of the male and female copulatory organs of the black widow spider <italic>Latrodectus curacaviensis<\/italic> (M\u00fcller)","volume":"40","author":"RDS Bhatnagar","year":"1962","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"342","article-title":"Courtship, copulation, and sperm transfer in <italic>Leucauge mariana<\/italic> (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with implications for higher classification","volume":"26","author":"WG Eberhard","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Arachnol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10296","article-title":"Genital structures in the entelegyne widow spider <italic>Latrodectus revivensis<\/italic> (Arachnida; Araneae; Theridiidae) indicate a low ability for cryptic female choice by sperm manipulation","volume":"263","author":"B Berendonck","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Morphol"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative female genital morphology in <italic>Stegodyphus<\/italic> spiders (Araneae: Eresidae)","author":"V Schendel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zool Anz"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10709-009-9388-5","article-title":"Securing paternity in spiders? A review on occurrence and effects of mating plugs and male genital mutilation","volume":"138","author":"G Uhl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genetica"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Forster RR. Evolution of the tarsal organ, the respiratory system and the female genitalia in spiders. In J. Gruber, editor. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress of Arachnology, Vienna. 1980;269\u2013284."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00810282.484","article-title":"Morphology and ontogeny of female copulatory organs in American Pisauridae, with special reference to homologous features (Arachnida, Araneae)","volume":"484","author":"P Sierwald","year":"1989","journal-title":"Smithson Contrib to Zool"},{"issue":"Supplement II","key":"ref9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny","volume":"56","author":"CE Griswold","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Calif Acad Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20280","article-title":"Female genital morphology in the secondarily haplogyne spider genus <italic>Glenognatha<\/italic> Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae), with comments on its phylogenetic significance","volume":"275","author":"J Cabra-Garc\u00eda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Morphol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcz.2015.12.001","article-title":"Insights on vulval morphology in Ochyroceratinae with a rediagnosis of the subfamily and description of the first Argentinean species (Araneae: Synspermiata: Ochyroceratidae)","volume":"260","author":"A P\u00e9rez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zool Anz"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Feinstrukturelle Aspekte der Fortpflanzungssysteme von Spinnentieren (Arachnida)","volume":"12","author":"G Alberti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Denisia"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10309","article-title":"Female genital system of the folding-trapdoor spider <italic>Antrodiaetus unicolor<\/italic> (Hentz, 1842) (Antrodiaetidae, Araneae): Ultrastructural study of form and function with notes on reproductive biology of spiders","volume":"263","author":"P Michalik","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Morphol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2011.00692.x","article-title":"Morphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orb-weaving spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae: Araneoidea)","volume":"162","author":"F \u00c1lvarez-Padilla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zool J Linn Soc"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10640","article-title":"Functional genital morphology of armored spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Tetrablemmidae)","volume":"269","author":"M. Burger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Morphol"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling","author":"WC Wheeler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1719","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1719","article-title":"Spider phylogenomics: untangling the Spider Tree of Life","volume":"4","author":"NL Garrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.06.034","article-title":"Phylogenomics resolves a spider backbone phylogeny and rejects a prevailing paradigm for orb web evolution","volume":"24","author":"JE Bond","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"1826","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.1826.1.3","article-title":"Two new species of <italic>Pamphobeteus<\/italic> Pocock 1901 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, with a new type of stridulatory organ","volume":"58","author":"R Bertani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/zoj.12280","article-title":"Integrative taxonomy of the primitively segmented spider genus <italic>Ganthela<\/italic> (Araneae: Mesothelae: Liphistiidae): DNA barcoding gap agrees with morphology","volume":"175","author":"X Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zool J Linn Soc"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"<italic>Umbyquyra<\/italic> gen. nov., a new tarantula spider genus from the Neotropical region (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae), with a description of eight new species","volume":"457","author":"FDF Gargiulo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Taxon"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2015.05.005","article-title":"Resolving the phylogeny of a speciose spider group, the family Linyphiidae (Araneae)","volume":"91","author":"F Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Phylogenet Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","first-page":"75","article-title":"<italic>Acanoides<\/italic> gen. n., a new spider genus from China with a note on the taxonomic status of <italic>Acanthoneta<\/italic> Eskov &amp; Marusik, 1992 (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Micronetinae)","volume":"375","author":"N Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zookeys"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10709-009-9368-9","article-title":"The female genitalic morphology of \u201cmicronetine\u201d spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae)","volume":"138","author":"L Tu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genetica"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2010.00640.x","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis and revision of the linyphiid spider genus <italic>Solenysa<\/italic> (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae)","volume":"161","author":"L Tu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zool J Linn Soc"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"33","article-title":"Arachnoidea","volume":"2","author":"K Sekiguchi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Embryology of Invertebrates"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"35","article-title":"Synopsis of the structure and function of the genitalia in <italic>Dysdera crocata<\/italic> (Araneae, Dysderidae)","volume":"47","author":"JAL Cooke","year":"1966","journal-title":"Senckenb Biol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.2307\/3225834","article-title":"Observations on the structure and function of spermathecae in haplogyne spiders","volume":"102","author":"FA Coyle","year":"1983","journal-title":"Trans Am Microsc Soc"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/zoj.12199","article-title":"Out of the twilight zone: Phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea)","volume":"173","author":"L Lopardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zool J Linn Soc"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1206\/821.1","article-title":"The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae)","volume":"390","author":"M. Ram\u00edrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull Am Museum Nat Hist"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1636\/Sh06-55.1","article-title":"A protocol for digesting internal soft tissues and mounting spiders for scanning electron microscopy","volume":"35","author":"F \u00c1lvarez-Padilla","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Arachnol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0218486","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T14:30:07Z","timestamp":1589034607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0218486"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Schubert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0218486","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]]}}}