{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:36:57Z","timestamp":1792802217470,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRIBAL\/70\/2013-ECD-II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRIBAL\/70\/2013-ECD-II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","award":["FNE0131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FNE0131"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xzytt36","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research","award":["IF150647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF150647"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T13:46:38Z","timestamp":1561643198000},"page":"e0219173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Human papilloma and other DNA virus infections of the cervix: A population based comparative study among tribal and general population in India"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Supriti","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3210-2293","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ranjitha S.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay M.","family":"Pattanshetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sneha D.","family":"Mallya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deeksha","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shama Prasada","family":"Kabekkodu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veena G.","family":"Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navya","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joslin","family":"D\u2019souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kapaettu","family":"Satyamoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Cervical cancer: prevention and treatment","volume":"14","author":"L Denny","year":"2012","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Bruni L B-RL, Albero G, Serrano B, Mena M, G\u00f3mez D, Mu\u00f1oz Jet al. Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases Report INDIA. Available: http:\/\/www.hpvcentre.net\/statistics\/reports\/IND.pdf<\/ext-link>. Cited 30 May 2018."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1159\/000475804","article-title":"Epigenomics, Pharmacoepigenomics, and Personalized Medicine in Cervical Cancer","volume":"20","author":"SP Kabekkodu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health Genomics"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38965-8_1","article-title":"Virus infection and human cancer: an overview","volume":"193","author":"JT Schiller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2009_2466","article-title":"Herpesviruses as possible cofactors in HPV-16-related oncogenesis","volume":"56","author":"S Szostek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22766","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v5i0.22766","article-title":"Herpesviruses: latency and reactivation\u2013viral strategies and host response","volume":"5","author":"B. Grinde","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Government of India, Census 2011. Available: http:\/\/censusindia.gov.in\/2011census\/populatiom_enumeration.aspx<\/ext-link>. Cited 7 December 2017."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/14631360903506778","article-title":"To what extent are the indigenous women of Jharkhand, India living in disadvantageous conditions: findings from India\u2019s National Family Health Survey","volume":"11","author":"PK Agrawal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian Ethn"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602348","article-title":"Papillomavirus infection in rural women in southern India","volume":"92","author":"S Franceschi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Delhi: Manasayan Manual of socioeconomic status (rural)","author":"U Pareek","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.357-361.2000","article-title":"Improved amplification of genital human papillomaviruses","volume":"38","author":"PE Gravitt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"98","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Indonesia has a low prevalence of the 30-base pair deletion of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1","volume":"34","author":"Y Nurhantari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Heal"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23596","article-title":"Characterization of cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus infection in cervical lesions in Portugal","volume":"85","author":"J Marinho-Dias","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00195248","article-title":"Detection and direct typing of herpes simplex virus by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"179","author":"H Kimura","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9365-4","article-title":"Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus in 5,000 British Columbia women\u2014implications for vaccination","volume":"20","author":"RA Moore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"529","article-title":"Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Iran","volume":"7","author":"SR Ghaffari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25685","article-title":"Prevalence of genotype-specific human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia in Taiwan: a community-based survey of 10,602 women","volume":"128","author":"HC Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.10.010","article-title":"Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in women from a rural region of Puebla, Mexico","volume":"13","author":"N Vel\u00e1zquez-M\u00e1rquez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1086\/373901","article-title":"Population-based human papillomavirus prevalence in Lampang and Songkla, Thailand","volume":"187","author":"S Sukvirach","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.07.029","article-title":"Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus among women older than 18 years in Egypt: A multicenter, observational study","volume":"29","author":"MF Shaltout","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"83","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection in females with normal cervical cytology: Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis among women in Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"66","author":"H Aziz","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.12.004","article-title":"Prevalence of HPV infection by cervical cytologic status in Brazil","volume":"105","author":"JV Fernandes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8813","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-1380","article-title":"Prevalence, Acquisition, and Clearance of Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection among Women with Normal Cytology: Hawai Human Papillomavirus Cohort Study","volume":"68","author":"MT Goodman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"973","article-title":"Overall human papilloma virus and types 16\/18 prevalence in women with normal cervical cytology in Serbia: is it time for human papillomavirus testing and\/or vaccination?","volume":"19","author":"E Malisic","year":"2014","journal-title":"J BUON"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318223be5f","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in middle-aged Indian women","volume":"38","author":"C Sauvaget","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0125693","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125693","article-title":"Higher prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in adolescent and young adult girls belonging to different Indian tribes with varied socio-sexual lifestyle","volume":"10","author":"K Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.5.2073","article-title":"Prevalence of human papillomavirus types and phylogenetic analysis of HPV-16 L1 variants from Southern India","volume":"16","author":"SP Kabekkodu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2016.17.3.1083","article-title":"Detection of Genital HPV Infection Using Urine Samples: a Population Based Study in India","volume":"17","author":"S Sabeena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13111","article-title":"Cervical cytological abnormalities and human papilloma virus infection in women infected with HIV in Southern India","volume":"42","author":"S Thunga","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Obs Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2017.01.009","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection among Chinese ethnic women in southern of Yunnan, China","volume":"21","author":"Z Baloch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600688","article-title":"Human papillomavirus types in invasive cervical cancer worldwide: a meta-analysis","volume":"88","author":"GM Clifford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70158-5","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical HPV in women with normal cytology","volume":"7","author":"S Sanjos\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28502","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16093","article-title":"Human papillomavirus subtypes distribution among 2309 cervical cancer patients in West China","volume":"8","author":"K Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.01.030","article-title":"Human papillomavirus genotype distribution among French women with and without cervical abnormalities","volume":"114","author":"JS Casalegno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obs"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"8","article-title":"Human papillomavirus genotyping among women with cervical abnormalities in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia","volume":"77","author":"B Tsedenbal","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e31829e9fb4","article-title":"Multiple-type human papillomavirus (HPV) infections: a cross-sectional analysis of the prevalence of specific types in 309,000 women referred for HPV testing at the time of cervical cytology","volume":"23","author":"EL Dickson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00113","article-title":"The Role of Epstein\u2013Barr Virus in Cervical Cancer: A Brief Update","volume":"8","author":"S Vranic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02206-10","article-title":"Shedding of epstein-barr virus and cytomegalovirus from the genital tract of women in a periurban community in Andhra Pradesh, India","volume":"49","author":"MI Silver","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00211","article-title":"Epstein\u2013Barr Virus Epidemiology, Serology, and Genetic Variability of LMP-1 Oncogene Among Healthy Population: An Update","volume":"8","author":"MK Smatti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)01744-8","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection: an Indian perspective","volume":"27","author":"A Chakravarti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"99","article-title":"Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus among some voluntary blood donors at the 37 military hospital, accra, ghana","volume":"40","author":"A Adjei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ghana Med J"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0200267","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200267","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalence in the adult population of Germany","volume":"13","author":"R Lachmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.10.005","article-title":"Association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cervical carcinoma: A meta-analysis","volume":"148","author":"MAP de Lima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.221","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection and cervical cancer: from past doubts to present questions","volume":"26","author":"J Marinho-Dias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Co-infection of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus in human tumorigenesis","volume":"35","author":"Y Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.2.449","article-title":"High rate of concurrent genital infections with human cytomegalovirus and human papillomaviruses in cervical cancer patients","volume":"168","author":"CY Shen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.016162","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection of the cervix: Morphological observations in five cases of a possibly under-recognised condition","volume":"57","author":"CE McGalie","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5-25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2008.07.009","article-title":"Age-specific prevalence of infection with human papillomavirus in females: a global review","volume":"43","author":"JS Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Adolesc Heal"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199611000-00012","article-title":"Risk factors for HPV DNA detection in middle-aged women","volume":"23","author":"N Munoz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22481","article-title":"High grade cervical lesions are caused preferentially by non-European variants of HPVs 16 and 18","volume":"120","author":"L Sichero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0182388","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182388","article-title":"Genetic variability and functional implication of the long control region in HPV-16 variants in Southwest China","volume":"12","author":"J Xi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0219173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T16:34:52Z","timestamp":1694968492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0219173"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Madhavi","family":"Bhargava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0219173","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]]}}}