{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T23:32:32Z","timestamp":1776555152920,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T17:23:37Z","timestamp":1564766617000},"page":"e0220666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sustained impact of nosocomial-acquired spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in different stages of decompensated liver cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6403-7094","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Markus","family":"Kimmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tammo Lambert","family":"Tergast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Schultalbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Laser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Gerbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Peter","family":"Manns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Cornberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Maasoumy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.024","article-title":"Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: a position statement based on the EASL Special Conference 2013","volume":"60","author":"R Jalan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.010","article-title":"Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: distinctive features and clinical relevance","volume":"61","author":"A Albillos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.042","article-title":"Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis","volume":"144","author":"R Moreau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30082","article-title":"Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis","volume":"35","author":"J Fernandez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25532","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of infections by multiresistant bacteria in cirrhosis: a prospective study","volume":"55","author":"J Fernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13568","article-title":"Bacterial infection-triggered acute-on-chronic liver failure is associated with increased mortality","volume":"38","author":"MM Mucke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Bacterial and fungal infections in acute-on-chronic liver failure: prevalence, characteristics and impact on prognosis","author":"J Fernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.19","article-title":"Bacterial Infections Change Natural History of Cirrhosis Irrespective of Liver Disease Severity","volume":"112","author":"E Dionigi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22172","article-title":"A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease","volume":"33","author":"PS Kamath","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21563","article-title":"The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)","volume":"45","author":"PS Kamath","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001631","article-title":"Adult Liver Allocation in Eurotransplant","volume":"101","author":"I Jochmans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/s41424-018-0053-0","article-title":"Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c and the Risk for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis and Ascites","volume":"9","author":"TL Tergast","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Dose Dependent Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitors on the Clinical Course of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis","author":"TL Tergast","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1273405","article-title":"Method report: German S3-guideline "ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome"","volume":"49","author":"AL Gerbes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6553(88)90053-3","article-title":"CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988","volume":"16","author":"JS Garner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1583202","article-title":"Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Definition, Diagnosis, and Clinical Characteristics","volume":"36","author":"V Arroyo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27849","article-title":"Clinical Course of acute-on-chronic liver failure syndrome and effects on prognosis","volume":"62","author":"T Gustot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705727","article-title":"Competing risk analysis using R: an easy guide for clinicians","volume":"40","author":"L Scrucca","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.10.020","article-title":"Clinical states of cirrhosis and competing risks","volume":"68","author":"G D\u2019Amico","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology Invalid date"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-012-9396-x","article-title":"The new epidemiology of nosocomial bacterial infections in cirrhosis: therapeutical implications","volume":"7","author":"J Acevedo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0010.0298","article-title":"Relative Adrenal Insufficiency is Associated with the Clinical Outcome in Patients with Stable Decompensated Cirrhosis","volume":"16","author":"E Cholongitas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.019","article-title":"Infections in patients with cirrhosis increase mortality four-fold and should be used in determining prognosis","volume":"139","author":"V Arvaniti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1086\/597585","article-title":"Clinical significance and outcome of nosocomial acquisition of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"48","author":"HS Cheong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27941","article-title":"The empirical antibiotic treatment of nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: Results of a randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"63","author":"S Piano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04506.x","article-title":"Bacterial DNA in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"33","author":"G Soriano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.03086.x","article-title":"Recent increase in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis adversely affects the clinical outcome in Korea","volume":"18","author":"YH Park","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120416","article-title":"Norfloxacin prevents spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence in cirrhosis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"P Gines","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28330","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in cirrhosis: Good and bad","volume":"63","author":"J Fernandez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.06.028","article-title":"New findings about an \u2018old\u2019 drug: immunomodulatory effects of norfloxacin in cirrhosis","volume":"61","author":"T Gustot","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"41","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11493","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i41.11493","article-title":"Immunomodulating effects of antibiotics used in the prophylaxis of bacterial infections in advanced cirrhosis","volume":"21","author":"P Zapater","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.07.010","article-title":"Norfloxacin vs ceftriaxone in the prophylaxis of infections in patients with advanced cirrhosis and hemorrhage","volume":"131","author":"J Fernandez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0220666","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T18:58:43Z","timestamp":1588964323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0220666"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Kanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0220666","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]}}}